Švábová Nee Uhrová Petra, Beňuš Radoslav, Chovancová Nee Kondeková Mária, Vojtušová Adriana, Novotný Miroslav, Thurzo Andrej
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Dental Clinic, Kvetoslavov 1155, 93041, Kvetoslavov, Slovak Republic.
Int J Legal Med. 2023 May;137(3):691-699. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-02953-y. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
The biological aspects of determining the dental age of subadults represent an important interdisciplinary scientific link with applications in criminal law and in forensic anthropology and dentistry. In criminal procedural law, it is necessary to determine the exact age of an undocumented person in view of the application of the provisions on juvenile offenders and minor victims. Chronological age can be estimated from the development of the third molars, as these are the only teeth that develop at the age of 18. The aim of this study was to verify the applicability of the Gambier method based on the eruption of the third permanent molars in the mandible and maxilla, to contribute to forensic age assessment. The analyzed group that met the criteria consisted of 811 orthopantomograms (OPGs) (339 females and 472 males) between the ages of 13 and 25 years. The OPGs were retrospectively analyzed according to the method of Gambier et al. (Int J Legal Med 133:625-632, 29), which refers to the eruption stages of the third molar. Differences between eruption stages of maxillary and mandibular third molars were statistically significant in both biological sexes. Intersexual differences in mean age were significant only at stage 3 for any M3 tooth and at stage 1 for mandibular M3. There were no statistically significant differences between the left and right mandibular and maxillary third molars, respectively. Differences between mandibular and maxillary M3 were significant only for stage 1 in males on the left side and for stage 2 in both sexes and sides. The method used allowed the best classification of individuals into minor and adult groups (based on phase D-90.41% of individuals, based on the third stage of the mandibular left third molar-86.29%). Based on the results obtained, we can assume that the method cannot be used alone in the initial examination of living individuals, since all four third molars must be assessed and there are no additional findings from practice.
确定亚成年人牙齿年龄的生物学方面是刑法、法医人类学和牙科学领域重要的跨学科科学联系。在刑事诉讼法中，鉴于少年犯和未成年受害者相关条款的适用，有必要确定无证人员的确切年龄。可以根据第三磨牙的发育情况来估计实际年龄，因为这是仅在18岁时发育的牙齿。本研究的目的是验证基于下颌骨和上颌骨第三恒磨牙萌出情况的甘比尔方法在法医年龄评估中的适用性。符合标准的分析组由811张全景X线片（OPG）组成（339名女性和472名男性），年龄在13至25岁之间。根据甘比尔等人（《国际法律医学杂志》133:625 - 632, 29）的方法对OPG进行回顾性分析，该方法涉及第三磨牙的萌出阶段。上颌和下颌第三磨牙萌出阶段的差异在两性中均具有统计学意义。平均年龄的两性差异仅在任何M3牙齿的第3阶段以及下颌M3的第1阶段显著。左右下颌和上颌第三磨牙之间分别没有统计学上的显著差异。下颌和上颌M3之间的差异仅在左侧男性的第1阶段以及两性两侧的第2阶段显著。所使用的方法能够将个体最佳地分为未成年人和成年人组（基于D期 - 90.41%的个体，基于下颌左侧第三磨牙的第三阶段 - 86.29%）。根据获得的结果，我们可以假设该方法不能单独用于活体个体的初步检查，因为必须评估所有四颗第三磨牙，且实践中没有其他额外发现。
