Slim Naim, Williamson James Ml
Department of General Surgery, The Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2023 Jan 2;84(1):1-9. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0437. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Achalasia, characterised by the absence of peristalsis and failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter, is an uncommon degenerative condition that results in dysphagia. If left untreated it can lead to aspiration, oesophageal perforation, oesophagitis and malnutrition. It has a range of immune, allergic, viral and genetic aetiological causes. Successful diagnosis relies on the use of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, barium swallow and oesophageal manometry to characterise the severity of the disease and to rule out underlying malignancy. Although no treatment can reverse the degenerative process, therapeutic strategies including lifestyle modification, medication, endoscopic and operative intervention can help to reduce symptoms. This article reviews the latest methods used to investigate and manage achalasia.
贲门失弛缓症的特征是缺乏蠕动且食管下括约肌松弛失败，是一种导致吞咽困难的罕见退行性疾病。如果不治疗，它会导致误吸、食管穿孔、食管炎和营养不良。它有一系列免疫、过敏、病毒和遗传病因。成功的诊断依赖于使用食管胃十二指肠镜检查、吞钡造影和食管测压来确定疾病的严重程度并排除潜在的恶性肿瘤。虽然没有治疗方法可以逆转退行性过程，但包括生活方式改变、药物治疗、内镜和手术干预在内的治疗策略有助于减轻症状。本文综述了用于研究和管理贲门失弛缓症的最新方法。
