Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
Poult Sci. 2023 Mar;102(3):102461. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102461. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
The study aimed to examine the effects of unfermented and fermented Andrographis paniculata on growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and intestinal health in Muscovy ducks. A total of 450 (16-day-old) Muscovy ducks weighing 271.44 ± 8.25 g were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (6 replicate pens of 15 ducks per treatment), consisting of one control treatment (basal diet without A. paniculata), one unfermented A. paniculata treatment (basal diet plus 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata) and 3 fermented A. paniculata treatments (basal diet plus 10, 30, and 50 g/kg). 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata increased the ADG, thymus index, peripheral blood lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes rate, while decreased the FCR. 10 g/kg fermented A. paniculata markedly boosted ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, while decreased the FCR. 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata clearly improved ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes, while decreased FCR. 50 g/kg fermented A. paniculata significantly increased villi height, vilii width, and villi surface area, while clearly reduced BW. Additionally, compared to 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata, 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata obviously increased bursa of fabricius indices, lymphocyte conversion rate, vilii width, villi surface area. On top of that, supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata (30 g/kg each) decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Succinivibrio, Succinatimonas, Sphaerochaeta, and Mucispirillum) and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Rikenellaceae, Methanocorpusculum, Fournierella, Ruminococcaceae) in the ceca of the ducks. However, fermented A. paniculata had considerable better effects than unfermented A. paniculate on all above measured indices. Overall, these results revealed that supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata across different treatments improved growth, immune status, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota composition and structure in Muscovy ducks, making it a potential alternative to antibiotics in poultry production.
本研究旨在探讨未发酵和发酵穿心莲对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响。将 450 只（16 日龄）体重为 271.44±8.25 g 的麝香鸭随机分配到 5 种日粮处理中（每种处理 6 个重复笼，每个重复笼 15 只鸭），包括 1 个对照组（不含穿心莲的基础日粮）、1 个未发酵穿心莲处理组（基础日粮+30 g/kg 未发酵穿心莲）和 3 个发酵穿心莲处理组（基础日粮+10、30 和 50 g/kg）。30 g/kg 未发酵穿心莲提高了 ADG、胸腺指数、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、绒毛高度、肠厚、绒毛表面积、上皮内淋巴细胞率，同时降低了 FCR。10 g/kg 发酵穿心莲显著提高了 ADG、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、血清溶菌酶、淋巴细胞转化率、绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、肠厚、绒毛表面积，同时降低了 FCR。30 g/kg 发酵穿心莲明显提高了 ADG、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、血清溶菌酶、淋巴细胞转化率、绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、肠厚、绒毛表面积、上皮内淋巴细胞，同时降低了 FCR。50 g/kg 发酵穿心莲显著增加了绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和绒毛表面积，同时明显降低了 BW。此外，与 30 g/kg 未发酵穿心莲相比，30 g/kg 发酵穿心莲明显增加了法氏囊指数、淋巴细胞转化率、绒毛宽度、绒毛表面积。此外，添加未发酵和发酵穿心莲（各 30 g/kg）降低了盲肠中有害细菌（琥珀酸拟杆菌、琥珀酸单胞菌、Sphaerochaeta 和 Mucispirillum）的相对丰度，增加了有益细菌（Rikenellaceae、Methanocorpusculum、Fournierella 和 Ruminococcaceae）的丰度。然而，发酵穿心莲在所有上述测量指标上的效果都明显优于未发酵穿心莲。总的来说，这些结果表明，在不同处理中添加未发酵和发酵穿心莲可改善肉鸭的生长性能、免疫状态、肠道形态以及肠道微生物组成和结构，是家禽生产中抗生素的潜在替代品。
