Ford Tom, Lipson Josh, Miller Lisa
Spirituality and Psychology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 12;13:1061416. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061416. eCollection 2022.
The relationship between personal spirituality and character strengths has not been adequately explored. We investigate this relationship in an adult sample via latent profile analysis.
Seven-hundred and sixty-three individuals aged 18 to 68years completed a survey of personal spirituality (e.g., Delaney Spirituality Scale), character strengths and virtues (e.g., VIA Inventory), flourishing (i.e., general wellbeing; PERMA Profiler), and various demographic variables (e.g., age, race, sexual orientation, yearly income, education level, religiosity, importance of spirituality and religion, and religious attendance). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identity profiles of individuals based on their reported levels personal spirituality and character strengths (i.e., VIA virtues).
A best-fitting model consisting of four distinct, non-overlapping profiles emerged. In every profile, the degree of personal spirituality was consistently associated with strengths of character. Profiles that exhibited high levels of spirituality and character also reported greater levels of flourishing. Furthermore, profiles high in spirituality and character were associated with the observance of formal religion, report of high levels of spiritual and religious importance, and report of frequent attendance of religious services.
These findings suggest that spirituality and character go hand in hand, that higher levels of the conjoint spirituality and character or "spiritually grounded character" correspond to greater wellbeing and may be generated or supported by a formal religious identification, practice, and community.
个人灵性与性格优势之间的关系尚未得到充分探索。我们通过潜在剖面分析在一个成人样本中研究这种关系。
763名年龄在18至68岁之间的个体完成了一项关于个人灵性（如德莱尼灵性量表）、性格优势与美德（如VIA量表）、蓬勃发展（即总体幸福感；PERMA剖析仪）以及各种人口统计学变量（如年龄、种族、性取向、年收入、教育水平、宗教信仰、灵性和宗教的重要性以及宗教活动参与情况）的调查。进行潜在剖面分析（LPA）以根据个体报告的个人灵性水平和性格优势（即VIA美德）确定个体剖面。
出现了一个由四个不同且不重叠的剖面组成的最佳拟合模型。在每个剖面中，个人灵性程度始终与性格优势相关。展现出高水平灵性和性格的剖面也报告了更高水平的蓬勃发展。此外，灵性和性格水平高的剖面与遵守正式宗教、报告高水平的灵性和宗教重要性以及报告频繁参加宗教仪式相关。
这些发现表明灵性与性格相辅相成，更高水平的联合灵性与性格或“基于灵性的性格”对应着更大的幸福感，并且可能由正式的宗教认同、实践和社群产生或支持。
