Shi Chuanxin, Zhang Kefan, Zhao Zhenyu, Wang Yifan, Xu Haozhe, Wei Wei
Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jan 12;11:1080563. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1080563. eCollection 2023.
Vascular stem cells exist in the three-layer structure of blood vessel walls and play an indispensable role in angiogenesis under physiological conditions and vascular remodeling under pathological conditions. Vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent, but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and neointima formation. Extensive studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential of stem/progenitor cells to repair endothelium and participate in neointima formation during vascular remodeling. The stem cell population has markers on the surface of the cells that can be used to identify this cell population. The main positive markers include Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1), Sry-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10). Stromal cell antigen 1 (Stro-1) and Stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-kit) are still controversial. Different parts of the vessel have different stem cell populations and multiple markers. In this review, we trace the role of vascular stem/progenitor cells in the progression of atherosclerosis and neointima formation, focusing on the expression of stem cell molecular markers that occur during neointima formation and vascular repair, as well as the molecular phenotypic changes that occur during differentiation of different stem cell types. To explore the correlation between stem cell molecular markers and atherosclerotic diseases and neointima formation, summarize the differential changes of molecular phenotype during the differentiation of stem cells into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and further analyze the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of stem cells expressing different positive markers participating in intima formation and vascular repair. Summarizing the limitations of stem cells in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases and the pressing issues that need to be addressed, we provide a feasible scheme for studying the signaling pathways of vascular stem cells involved in vascular diseases.
血管干细胞存在于血管壁的三层结构中，在生理条件下的血管生成以及病理条件下的血管重塑过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。血管干细胞大多处于静止状态，但可在损伤时被激活，并参与内皮修复和新生内膜形成。大量研究已证实，在血管重塑过程中，干/祖细胞具有修复内皮和参与新生内膜形成的分化潜能。干细胞群体在细胞表面具有可用于识别该细胞群体的标志物。主要的阳性标志物包括干细胞抗原-1（Sca1）、性别决定区Y框转录因子10（SOX10）。基质细胞抗原1（Stro-1）和干细胞生长因子受体试剂盒（c-kit）仍存在争议。血管的不同部位具有不同的干细胞群体和多种标志物。在本综述中，我们追踪血管干/祖细胞在动脉粥样硬化进展和新生内膜形成中的作用，重点关注新生内膜形成和血管修复过程中发生的干细胞分子标志物的表达，以及不同干细胞类型分化过程中发生的分子表型变化。探讨干细胞分子标志物与动脉粥样硬化疾病及新生内膜形成之间的相关性，总结干细胞向平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞分化过程中分子表型的差异变化，并进一步分析表达不同阳性标志物的干细胞参与内膜形成和血管修复的信号通路及分子机制。总结干细胞在动脉粥样硬化疾病防治中的局限性以及需要解决的紧迫问题，我们为研究参与血管疾病的血管干细胞信号通路提供了一个可行的方案。
