Nanni Adalena V, Martinez Natalie, Graze Rita, Morse Alison, Newman Jeremy R B, Jain Vaibhav, Vlaho Srna, Signor Sarah, Nuzhdin Sergey V, Renne Rolf, McIntyre Lauren M
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
bioRxiv. 2023 Jan 13:2023.01.13.523946. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523946.
We propose a new model for the association of chromatin state and sex-bias in expression. We hypothesize enrichment of open chromatin in the sex where we see expression bias (OS) and closed chromatin in the opposite sex (CO). In this study of and head tissue, sex-bias in expression is associated with H3K4me3 (open mark) in males for male-biased genes and in females for female-biased genes in both species. Sex-bias in expression is also largely conserved in direction and magnitude between the two species on the X and autosomes. In male-biased orthologs, the sex-bias ratio is more divergent between species if both species have H3K27me2me3 marks in females compared to when either or neither species has H3K27me2me3 in females. H3K27me2me3 marks in females are associated with male-bias in expression on the autosomes in both species, but on the X only in . In female-biased orthologs the relationship between the species for the sex-bias ratio is similar regardless of the H3K27me2me3 marks in males. Female-biased orthologs are more similar in the ratio of sex-bias than male-biased orthologs and there is an excess of male-bias in expression in orthologs that gain/lose sex-bias. There is an excess of male-bias in sex-limited expression in both species suggesting excess male-bias is due to rapid evolution between the species. The X chromosome has an enrichment in male-limited H3K4me3 in both species and an enrichment of sex-bias in expression compared to the autosomes.
我们提出了一种关于染色质状态与表达性别偏向关联的新模型。我们假设在出现表达偏向的性别中开放染色质富集（OS），而在相反性别中封闭染色质富集（CO）。在对[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]头部组织的这项研究中，对于两个物种中雄性偏向基因，在雄性中表达的性别偏向与H3K4me3（开放标记）相关；对于雌性偏向基因，在雌性中表达的性别偏向与H3K4me3相关。在X染色体和常染色体上，两个物种之间表达的性别偏向在方向和程度上也基本保守。在雄性偏向的直系同源基因中，与雌性中要么有H3K27me2me3标记、要么没有H3K27me2me3标记的情况相比，如果两个物种雌性中都有H3K27me2me3标记，那么物种间的性别偏向比率差异更大。两个物种中，雌性中的H3K27me2me3标记与常染色体上表达的雄性偏向相关，但仅在[具体物种1]的X染色体上相关。在雌性偏向的直系同源基因中，无论雄性中的H3K27me2me3标记情况如何，物种间性别偏向比率的关系相似。雌性偏向的直系同源基因在性别偏向比率上比雄性偏向的直系同源基因更相似，并且在获得/失去性别偏向的直系同源基因中，表达存在过多的雄性偏向。两个物种在性别限制表达中都存在过多的雄性偏向，这表明过多的雄性偏向是由于物种间的快速进化。与常染色体相比，两个物种的X染色体在雄性限制的H3K4me3上富集，并且在表达的性别偏向上也富集。
