Brantingham P Jeffrey, Mohler George, MacDonald John
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 341 Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90230, USA.
Computer Science Department, Boston College, 245 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3859, USA.
PNAS Nexus. 2022 Sep 10;1(5):pgac189. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac189. eCollection 2022 Nov.
The murder of George Floyd triggered a broad social response and noticeable shift in public opinion of policing. Since policing is dependent upon public cooperation, a question is whether the shift in opinion had an effect on police calls-for-service. Data from Los Angeles and New York City are evaluated using a regression discontinuity design. Violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life disorder calls are analyzed to address differences in reporting norms. The role of racial-ethnic composition of local areas is assessed by examining census tracts where the majority of the residential population is Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Following the murder of George Floyd, in New York City violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life calls all increased significantly. In Los Angeles, quality-of-life calls for service decreased significantly. The increase in violent crime calls observed in New York was greatest in areas where the majority of residents are Black, whereas the increase in property crime calls was the greatest in areas where a majority of residents are White. The decrease in quality-of-life calls observed in Los Angeles was in areas where the majority of residents are White. In both cases, the effect was relatively short-lived.
乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀引发了广泛的社会反响以及公众对治安看法的显著转变。由于治安依赖于公众合作,一个问题是这种观念转变是否对警方的服务请求产生了影响。使用回归断点设计对来自洛杉矶和纽约市的数据进行评估。分析暴力犯罪、财产犯罪和生活质量紊乱相关的报警电话,以解决报告规范方面的差异。通过考察大多数居民为亚裔、黑人、西班牙裔或白人的普查区,评估当地种族构成的作用。在乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀后,纽约市的暴力犯罪、财产犯罪和生活质量相关报警电话均显著增加。在洛杉矶,生活质量相关的服务请求显著减少。纽约市暴力犯罪报警电话的增加在多数居民为黑人的地区最为明显,而财产犯罪报警电话的增加在多数居民为白人的地区最为显著。洛杉矶生活质量相关报警电话的减少出现在多数居民为白人的地区。在这两种情况下,影响都相对短暂。