Moore Emily V, Wood Elizabeth, Stark Heather, Wereme N'Diaye Aissata, McKune Sarah L
Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 11;9:1096256. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1096256. eCollection 2022.
Malnutrition is a significant challenge to the health of women and children in Burkina Faso. Given the critical role of animal source food on the health of infants and young children (IYC), interventions continue to explore the potential for eggs to prevent malnutrition.
Using data from the Un Oeuf intervention, which significantly increased IYC egg consumption, combined with quantitative and qualitative data from endline and 3-month follow-up, we explore the barriers and facilitating factors to IYC egg consumption and the sustainability and scalability of the intervention.
Child egg consumption was high at follow-up in the Control, Partial, and Full Intervention arms (83.3, 88.2%, and 100, respectively). The Full Intervention arm had the highest mean number of eggs consumed (2.9, 2.6, and 5.7), which reflected a slight reduction from endline (6.2). All participants owned chickens at follow-up (100%), however, flock size varied. The Full Intervention arm had more chickens (mean 8.8) than the Control (5.1) or Partial Intervention (6.2) arms, which was a 50% reduction in below endline (18.5 chickens). Qualitative results indicate that chicken ownership, education about the nutritional value of eggs, and spousal support facilitated IYC egg consumption. Barriers included egg production, cultural taboos, and animal health. Motivational factors reported included the observed improvement in child health, increased availability of mothers' time, and mothers' financial independence. Knowledge sharing within the Full and Partial Intervention groups was widely reported, and the sustainability of IYC egg consumption was reinforced by accountability among mothers and to community leaders, flipbooks distributed during the project, and high motivation.
Main findings indicate that mothers who received the full Un Oeuf intervention were able to overcome barriers to feeding their child an egg daily, were able to improve their livelihood, were motivated to continue feeding their child eggs, and saw the addition of eggs into the child's diet as sustainable. Future nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions should consider tailoring this approach for other LMIC contexts. Future research is needed to explore a possible threshold in the number of household chickens necessary to continuously feed a child an egg a day.
营养不良是布基纳法索妇女和儿童健康面临的重大挑战。鉴于动物源食物对婴幼儿健康的关键作用，相关干预措施一直在探索鸡蛋在预防营养不良方面的潜力。
利用“一个鸡蛋”干预措施的数据（该措施显著增加了婴幼儿对鸡蛋的消费量），并结合来自终期调查和3个月随访的定量和定性数据，我们探讨了婴幼儿食用鸡蛋的障碍和促进因素，以及该干预措施的可持续性和可扩展性。
在对照组、部分干预组和全面干预组中，随访时儿童鸡蛋消费量较高（分别为83.3%、88.2%和100%）。全面干预组的平均鸡蛋消费量最高（分别为2.9个、2.6个和5.7个），较终期调查时（6.2个）略有下降。随访时所有参与者都养鸡（100%），不过鸡群规模各不相同。全面干预组的鸡比对照组（5.1只）或部分干预组（6.2只）更多（平均8.8只），比终期调查时（18.5只鸡）减少了50%。定性结果表明，养鸡、关于鸡蛋营养价值的教育以及配偶的支持促进了婴幼儿食用鸡蛋。障碍包括鸡蛋生产、文化禁忌和动物健康。报告的激励因素包括观察到儿童健康状况改善、母亲可支配时间增加以及母亲的经济独立。全面干预组和部分干预组内的知识分享情况被广泛报道，母亲之间以及对社区领袖的问责、项目期间分发的活页手册和高度积极性增强了婴幼儿食用鸡蛋的可持续性。
主要研究结果表明，接受全面“一个鸡蛋”干预措施的母亲能够克服每天给孩子喂鸡蛋的障碍，能够改善生计，有动力继续给孩子喂鸡蛋，并认为在孩子饮食中添加鸡蛋是可持续的。未来对营养敏感型农业的干预措施应考虑针对其他低收入和中等收入国家的情况调整这种方法。未来需要开展研究，以探索持续每天给孩子喂一个鸡蛋所需的家庭鸡数量的可能阈值。
