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用表达新冠病毒刺突蛋白高保守区域的食品级重组体进行口服和鼻内免疫可触发小鼠的免疫反应。

Oral and intranasal immunization with food-grade recombinant expressing high conserved region of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggers mice's immunity responses.

作者信息

Yurina Valentina, Rahayu Adianingsih Oktavia, Widodo Nashi

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

出版信息

Vaccine X. 2023 Apr;13:100265. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100265. Epub 2023 Jan 23.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread throughout the world. Vaccination is still the most effective method of prevention of pathogenic infections, including viral infections. However, there is little evidence that vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 virus for a long time. Thus, regular re-vaccination is necessary to control COVID-19. Vaccination by injection is invasive, and is one of the reasons people refuse to get re-vaccinated. Therefore, we developed a less invasive vaccine based on oral or nasal administration. The gene encoding the high conserved region (HCR) spike protein was inserted into pNZ8149 and expressed in NZ3900. Mice were immunized at 3-week intervals with oral or nasal routes. Anti-SARS-CoV2 spike antibody (IgG and IgA) level were measured using ELISA method before and after treatment. Plasma cells population in lymph were analyzed using flowcytometry and the CD4 + and CD8 + cells in lymph and intestine were analyzed using immunofluorescence method. The results of nasal and oral administration in experimental animals showed that carrying the HCR gene could induce a humoral immune response, as indicated by increased levels of IgG and IgA against SARS-CoV-2 (IgG/IgA-SARS-CoV-2). The plasma cell population after nasal and oral vaccination in mice were significantly different with control group (p < 0.05). The CD4 + and CD8 + cells in intestine were significantly higher in orally immunized group mice than control group. The CD8 + cells in lymph were significantly higher in intranasal immunized group mice than control group. Our data demonstrate expressing spike protein can be developed into a less invasive alternative to nasal and oral vaccination.

摘要

2019年末,新冠疫情在中国武汉爆发,并蔓延至全球。接种疫苗仍是预防包括病毒感染在内的病原体感染的最有效方法。然而,几乎没有证据表明接种疫苗能长期预防新冠病毒。因此,定期重新接种疫苗对于控制新冠疫情很有必要。注射式疫苗具有侵入性,这是人们拒绝重新接种的原因之一。因此,我们开发了一种基于口服或鼻腔给药的侵入性较小的疫苗。将编码高保守区(HCR)刺突蛋白的基因插入pNZ8149并在NZ3900中表达。小鼠每隔3周通过口服或鼻腔途径进行免疫。治疗前后采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测量抗新冠病毒刺突抗体(IgG和IgA)水平。采用流式细胞术分析淋巴结中的浆细胞群体,并采用免疫荧光法分析淋巴结和肠道中的CD4 +和CD8 +细胞。实验动物口服和鼻腔给药的结果表明,携带HCR基因可诱导体液免疫反应,表现为抗新冠病毒的IgG和IgA水平升高(IgG/IgA-SARS-CoV-2)。小鼠口服和鼻腔接种疫苗后的浆细胞群体与对照组有显著差异(p < 0.05)。口服免疫组小鼠肠道中的CD4 +和CD8 +细胞明显高于对照组。鼻腔免疫组小鼠淋巴结中的CD8 +细胞明显高于对照组。我们的数据表明,表达刺突蛋白可开发成一种侵入性较小的口服和鼻腔疫苗替代品。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0bcd/10101847/a5f73e829fe8/gr1.jpg

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