Mohammadi-Aragh Maryam K, Linhoss John E, Marty Christopher A, Evans Jeffrey D, Purswell Joseph L, Chaves-Cordoba Bernardo, Chesser G Daniel, Lowe J Wesley
Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849,
Avian Dis. 2022 Dec;67(1):1-10. doi: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00056.
() is a commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; however, some strains are pathogenic and can cause a wide range of diseases. In addition, some strains of pathogenic can survive in the litter between flocks, making litter management critical for reducing -associated infections. Biochar (BC) is a porous, carbonaceous material that may be a beneficial litter amendment to reduce moisture and microbial loads. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pine BC, miscanthus BC, and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) on , total aerobic bacteria populations, and bacterial communities when added to used broiler litter. Pine and miscanthus BC were mixed into poultry litter at inclusion rates of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w. PLT was surface applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m. Baseline and aerobics were measured after a 48-hr litter incubation period and just prior to adding litter treatments. and aerobics were enumerated 2 and 7 days after adding treatments. Overall, pine BC at 30% had the lowest and aerobic counts (5.98 and 6.44 log colony-forming units [CFU]/g, respectively); however, they were not significantly different from the control ( ≤ 0.05). At day 2, 30% pine BC inclusion rate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in and aerobic bacteria counts compared to the control. Miscanthus BC application did not result in significant reductions in or aerobic bacteria at days 2 or 7. PLT had the highest (7.07 log CFU/g) and aerobic counts (7.21 log CFU/g) overall. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the alpha and beta diversity between pine BC- and PLT-treated litter were significantly different. However, neither BC type significantly impacted bacterial diversity when compared to the control. Differences in and aerobic counts between BC types may be attributed to variations in feedstock physiochemical properties.
（某细菌名称）是在家禽胃肠道中发现的一种共生细菌；然而，一些菌株具有致病性，可导致多种疾病。此外，一些致病菌株可在鸡群间的垫料中存活，因此垫料管理对于减少与该细菌相关的感染至关重要。生物炭（BC）是一种多孔的碳质材料，可能是一种有益的垫料改良剂，可减少水分和微生物负荷。本研究的目的是评估松木生物炭、芒草生物炭和家禽垫料处理剂（PLT）添加到用过的肉鸡垫料中对该细菌、总需氧细菌数量和细菌群落的影响。将松木和芒草生物炭以5%、10%、20%、25%和30%（w/w）的添加率混入家禽垫料中。PLT以0.73 kg/m的用量进行表面施用。在垫料培养48小时后且即将添加垫料处理剂之前测量基线该细菌和需氧菌数量。添加处理剂2天和7天后对该细菌和需氧菌进行计数。总体而言，30%的松木生物炭具有最低的该细菌和需氧菌数量（分别为5.98和6.44 log菌落形成单位[CFU]/g）；然而，它们与对照组无显著差异（P≤0.05）。在第2天，30%的松木生物炭添加率处理导致该细菌和需氧菌数量与对照组相比显著减少。在第2天或第7天，芒草生物炭的施用并未导致该细菌或需氧菌数量显著减少。总体而言，PLT具有最高的该细菌数量（7.07 log CFU/g）和需氧菌数量（7.21 log CFU/g）。细菌群落分析表明，松木生物炭处理和PLT处理的垫料之间的α和β多样性存在显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，两种生物炭类型均未对细菌多样性产生显著影响。不同生物炭类型之间该细菌和需氧菌数量的差异可能归因于原料理化性质的变化。
