Jafir Adeeb Omer
Department of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Apr;194:110665. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110665. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
In the present study, the RAD7 and NaI(Tl) techniques were utilized to determine the radon concentrations in drinking water resources and the natural primordial radionuclides in soil samples collected from Hawraman villages. The measured radon concentrations ranged from 1.7 ± 0.6 to 34.0 ± 2.8 Bq L with an arithmetic mean of 14.8 ± 1.2 Bq L. This research demonstrates that roughly 54% of drinking water samples exceed the EPA-recommended level of 11.1 Bq L. For adults, children, and infants, the total annual effective doses for the three types (D, D, and D) vary from 7.6 to 149.2 μSv y with an average of 65.0 μSv y, 8.1-160.0 μSv y with an average of 69.7 μSv y, and 10.5-207.0 μSv y with an average of 90.2 μSv y.18.2%, 22.7%, and 36.4%, respectively, of the annual effective dose for adults, children, and infants exceeds the 100 μSv y level recommended by WHO and UNCEAR 2000. The activity concentrations of Ra, Th, and K in soil samples varied from 10.9 ± 0.1 to 32.6 ± 0.2 Bq kg, 18.3 ± 0.4 to 52.1 ± 0.6 Bq kg, and 252.7 ± 2.5 to 585.6 ± 3.7 Bq kg. The arithmetic mean concentrations of Ra, Th, and K were determined to be 19.4 ± 0.2 Bq kg, 36.2 ± 0.5 Bq kgand 426.6 ± 3.2 Bq kg, respectively. This research reveals that the average soil activity concentrations of Ra, Th, and K are within the global average limits of 32, 45, and 420 Bq kg, respectively. Comparing the concentrations to global averages, some soil samples revealed significant amounts of radionuclides, with around 18% of Th and 41% of K. The computed radiological hazard indices of 100% of Ra., 82% of D 82% of E and 95.5% of ELCR are all below the internationally recommended levels declared by Unscear 2000.
在本研究中，采用RAD7和碘化钠（铊）技术测定了哈勒曼村饮用水源中的氡浓度以及土壤样品中的天然原生放射性核素。测得的氡浓度范围为1.7±0.6至34.0±2.8 Bq/L，算术平均值为14.8±1.2 Bq/L。本研究表明，大约54%的饮用水样品超过了美国环境保护局推荐的11.1 Bq/L的水平。对于成年人、儿童和婴儿，三种类型（D、D和D）的年总有效剂量分别为7.6至149.2 μSv/y，平均为65.0 μSv/y；8.1至160.0 μSv/y，平均为69.7 μSv/y；10.5至207.0 μSv/y，平均为90.2 μSv/y。成年人、儿童和婴儿的年有效剂量分别有18.2%、22.7%和36.4%超过了世界卫生组织和联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会2000年推荐的100 μSv/y的水平。土壤样品中镭、钍和钾的活度浓度分别为10.9±0.1至32.6±0.2 Bq/kg、18.3±0.4至52.1±0.6 Bq/kg和252.7±2.5至585.6±3.7 Bq/kg。镭、钍和钾的算术平均浓度分别确定为19.4±0.2 Bq/kg、36.2±0.5 Bq/kg和426.6±3.2 Bq/kg。本研究表明，镭、钍和钾的土壤平均活度浓度分别在全球平均限值32、45和420 Bq/kg之内。与全球平均值相比，一些土壤样品显示出大量的放射性核素，钍约为18%，钾约为41%。计算得出的100%的镭、82%的D、82%的E和95.5%的ELCR的放射危害指数均低于联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会2000年宣布的国际推荐水平。
