Bulavkina Elizaveta V, Kudryavtsev Alexander A, Goncharova Margarita A, Lantsova Margarita S, Shuvalova Anastasija I, Kovalev Maxim A, Kudryavtseva Anna V
Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2022 Dec;87(12):1563-1578. doi: 10.1134/S0006297922120136.
Annual killifish of the genus Nothobranchius are seeing a rapid increase in scientific interest over the years. A variety of aspects surrounding the egg-laying Cyprinodontiformes is being extensively studied, including their aging. Inhabiting drying water bodies of Africa rarely allows survival through more than one rainy season for the Nothobranchius populations. Therefore, there is no lifespan-related bias in natural selection, which has ultimately led to the decreased efficiency of DNA repair system. Aging of the Nothobranchius species is studied both under normal conditions and under the influence of potential geroprotectors, as well as genetic modifications. Most biogerontological studies are conducted using the species Nothobranchius furzeri (GRZ isolate), which has a lifespan of 3 to 7 months. However, the list of model species of Nothobranchius is considerably wider, and the range of advanced research areas with their participation extends far beyond gerontology. This review summarizes the most interesting and promising topics developing in the studies of the fish of Nothobranchius genus. Both classical studies related to lifespan control and rather new ones are discussed, including mechanisms of diapause, challenges of systematics and phylogeny, evolution of sex determination mechanisms, changes in chromosome count, occurrence of multiple repeated DNA sequences in the genome, cognitive and behavioral features and social stratification, as well as methodological difficulties in working with Nothobranchius.
多年来，非洲齿鲤属的一年生鳉鱼在科学研究中的关注度迅速上升。围绕产卵型鲤齿目的各个方面都在进行广泛研究，包括它们的衰老过程。非洲齿鲤属种群栖息于干涸的水体中，很少能存活超过一个雨季。因此，自然选择中不存在与寿命相关的偏差，这最终导致了DNA修复系统效率的降低。人们在正常条件下、在潜在的老年保护剂影响下以及通过基因改造来研究非洲齿鲤属物种的衰老。大多数生物老年学研究使用的是寿命为3至7个月的非洲齿鲤（GRZ分离株）。然而，非洲齿鲤属的模式物种列表要广泛得多，并且它们参与的先进研究领域范围远远超出了老年学。这篇综述总结了非洲齿鲤属鱼类研究中最有趣和最有前景的课题。文中讨论了与寿命控制相关的经典研究以及一些较新的研究，包括滞育机制、系统学和系统发育的挑战、性别决定机制的进化、染色体数量的变化、基因组中多个重复DNA序列的出现、认知和行为特征以及社会分层，还有研究非洲齿鲤时遇到的方法学困难。
