Miin Wu School of Computing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):1680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28559-3.
Studies have demonstrated systematic individual differences in the degree of semantic reliance (SR) when reading aloud exception words in adult skilled readers. However, the origins of individual differences in reading remain unclear. Using a connectionist model of reading, this study investigated whether oral vocabulary knowledge may affect the degree of SR as a potential source of individual differences in reading. Variety in oral vocabulary knowledge was simulated by training the model to learn the mappings between spoken and meaning word forms with different vocabulary sizes and quantities of exposure to these vocabularies. The model's SR in the reading aloud task was computed. The result demonstrated that the model with varying amounts of oral exposure and vocabulary sizes had different levels of SR. Critically, SR was able to predict the performance of the model on reading aloud and nonword reading, which assimilated behavioural reading patterns. Further analysis revealed that SR was largely associated with the interaction between oral vocabulary exposure and oral vocabulary size. When the amount of exposure was limited, SR significantly increased with vocabulary sizes but decreased then with vocabulary sizes. Overall, the simulation results provide the first computational evidence of the direct link between oral vocabulary knowledge and the degree of SR as a source of individual differences in reading.
研究表明，在成年熟练读者朗读异常词时，语义依赖（SR）的程度存在系统的个体差异。然而，阅读个体差异的起源仍不清楚。本研究使用阅读的连接主义模型，探讨了口语词汇知识是否会影响 SR 的程度，作为阅读个体差异的潜在来源。通过训练模型来学习口语和词义单词形式之间的映射，模拟口语词汇知识的多样性，这些词汇的大小和数量不同，以及对这些词汇的接触次数也不同。计算了模型在朗读任务中的 SR。结果表明，具有不同口语接触量和词汇量的模型具有不同水平的 SR。关键的是，SR 能够预测模型在朗读和非单词阅读方面的表现，这与行为阅读模式相一致。进一步的分析表明，SR 主要与口语词汇接触和口语词汇量之间的相互作用有关。当接触量有限时，SR 随词汇量显著增加，但随后随词汇量减少。总的来说，模拟结果提供了第一个计算证据，证明了口语词汇知识和 SR 程度之间的直接联系，这是阅读个体差异的一个来源。
