Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Canberra, Australia.
Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Canberra, Australia.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2018 Feb;22(2):154-169. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Dec 23.
Humans differ in innumerable ways, with considerable variation observable at every level of description, from the molecular to the social. Traditionally, linguistic and psycholinguistic theory has downplayed the possibility of meaningful differences in language across individuals. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is significant variation among speakers at any age as well as across the lifespan. Here, we review recent research in psycholinguistics, and argue that a focus on individual differences (IDs) provides a crucial source of evidence that bears strongly upon core issues in theories of the acquisition and processing of language; specifically, the role of experience in language acquisition, processing, and attainment, and the architecture of the language system.
人类在无数方面存在差异，从分子到社会层面，每个层面都存在可观的可观察变异。传统上，语言和心理语言学理论都低估了个体语言之间存在有意义差异的可能性。然而，越来越明显的是，无论在任何年龄段还是在整个生命周期中，说话者之间都存在显著的差异。在这里，我们回顾了心理语言学的最新研究，并认为关注个体差异（IDs）提供了一个至关重要的证据来源，强烈影响着语言习得和处理理论的核心问题；具体来说，经验在语言习得、处理和获得中的作用，以及语言系统的结构。
