Hernández Fernández Isamar Guadalupe, Omaña Covarrubias Arianna, Conde Vega Jaquelinne, Rodríguez Ávila Jimena, Díaz Martínez Grabriela, Moya Escalera Adrián, López Pontigo Lydia
Área Académica de Nutrición. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética. Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo.
Nutr Hosp. 2023 Apr 20;40(2):347-353. doi: 10.20960/nh.04258.
Introduction: children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present food hyperselectivity, which could lead to malnutrition. Furthermore, they are usually observed with eutrophic development, and a tendency to overweight or obesity, which might occur because of food preferences. Objectives: to evaluate nutritional status based on anthropometric measurements, and to determine the food intake frequency of Mexican children with ASD. Methods: a cross-sectional study that included 31 children of both sexes, from 5 to 10 years of age, with ASD, recruited for convenience at the Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, Mexico. The variables considered were: weight, height, body mass index, muscle mass, fat mass, and frequency of food consumption. Results: the eutrophic nutritional status had a prevalence of 70.9 %, overweight of 12.9 % and obesity of 12.9 %. According to sex, women had significantly lower BMI and fat mass, but higher muscle mass than men. When comparing by diagnosis, there were no statistical differences. The most commonly consumed foods were tomato, carrot, banana, apple, corn tortilla, wheat flour bread, rice, beans, chicken, egg, whole milk, vegetable oil, gelatin and sweetened beverages. They mostly consumed plain water every day. Conclusions: children with ASD have a eutrophic nutritional status in addition to a significant tendency to overweight and obesity, probably related to a high consumption of sweetened beverages and jelly, as well as a low intake of vegetables. This indicates the need for nutritional surveillance to prevent the development of chronic degenerative diseases.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童普遍存在食物选择过度的问题，这可能导致营养不良。此外，他们通常发育良好，并有超重或肥胖的倾向，这可能是由于食物偏好所致。目的：基于人体测量评估营养状况，并确定墨西哥ASD儿童的食物摄入频率。方法：一项横断面研究，纳入了31名年龄在5至10岁之间的ASD儿童，男女不限，在墨西哥伊达尔戈州儿童综合发展局医院方便抽样招募。所考虑的变量包括：体重、身高、体重指数、肌肉量、脂肪量和食物消费频率。结果：营养良好的营养状况患病率为70.9%，超重为12.9%，肥胖为12.9%。按性别划分，女性的BMI和脂肪量显著低于男性，但肌肉量高于男性。按诊断进行比较时，无统计学差异。最常食用的食物是番茄、胡萝卜、香蕉、苹果、玉米饼、小麦粉面包、米饭、豆类、鸡肉、鸡蛋、全脂牛奶、植物油、明胶和含糖饮料。他们每天大多饮用白开水。结论：ASD儿童除了有明显的超重和肥胖倾向外，营养状况良好，这可能与高糖饮料和果冻的高消费量以及蔬菜摄入量低有关。这表明需要进行营养监测以预防慢性退行性疾病的发生。
