Examining the role of attention during feature binding in visuospatial working memory.

The current experiments address the enduring debate regarding the role of attention in feature binding in visuospatial working memory by considering the nature of the to-be-bound features, i.e., whether they are intrinsic (integrated within the object, such as its color and shape) or extrinsic (not part of the object, such as its spatial location). Specifically, arrays of different-colored shapes in different locations were followed by probed recall: One feature of the probed object prompted recall of one of its remaining two features (e.g., a shape probe prompts recall of color, with the probe displayed at the center of the screen (i.e., without spatial information)) to test the retention of intrinsic (shape, color) and extrinsic (location) features. During the retention interval, we manipulated attention via disruption (Experiment 1) and retro-cues (Experiment 2) to determine their impacts on binding errors, as estimated from a three-parameter mixture model fit to recall error (i.e., the distance between the target and response). Disrupting central versus peripheral attention in Experiment 1 did not respectively increase extrinsic and intrinsic binding errors as predicted, but disrupting central attention reduced target memory of the extrinsic feature relative to a no-disruption baseline. Guiding attention via extrinsic and intrinsic retro-cues in Experiment 2 did not respectively reduce extrinsic and intrinsic binding errors as predicted, but we observed retro-cue benefits to target memory that did not distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic features. Thus, this work highlights that attentional resources aid target memory, with no consistent distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic features.