Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborgsvägen 31, 431 80, Gothenburg/Mölndal, Sweden.
J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Jan 31;18(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03558-2.
Despite being one of the most common types of fracture, there is a lack of epidemiological studies involving ankle fractures of all kinds. Since 2012, the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) has prospectively collected data on surgically and non-surgically treated ankle fractures. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 2012 and 2022.
All ankle fractures registered in the SFR between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2022 in patients aged 16 years or older were included. Information on age, sex, mechanism of injury, fracture classification according to AO/OTA and high- or low-energy trauma was retrieved from the SFR.
During the study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. Women (61%) were more commonly affected than men (39%). The mean age at the time of injury was 55 years. Men were found to be younger at the time of injury compared with women. Women were found to sustain open fractures more frequently, whereas the men more frequently sustained high-energy trauma. The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA44 fracture group separately was a simple fall. A seasonal variation in ankle fractures was found, where the number of ankle fractures peaked during the between November and March.
This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures. We have demonstrated that most ankle fractures are caused by a simple fall and occur during wintertime. Women are more commonly affected than men and are older at the time of injury. These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures.
尽管踝部骨折是最常见的骨折类型之一，但缺乏涉及各种踝部骨折的流行病学研究。自 2012 年以来，瑞典骨折登记处（SFR）一直前瞻性地收集接受手术和非手术治疗的踝部骨折数据。本研究旨在描述 2012 年至 2022 年期间踝部骨折的流行病学情况。
纳入 2012 年 4 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 31 日期间 SFR 中登记的年龄在 16 岁及以上的所有踝部骨折患者。从 SFR 中检索年龄、性别、损伤机制、根据 AO/OTA 分类的骨折分类以及高能量或低能量创伤的信息。
在研究期间，56439 名患者发生了 57443 例踝部骨折。女性（61%）比男性（39%）更常见。受伤时的平均年龄为 55 岁。与女性相比，男性受伤时年龄较小。女性更常发生开放性骨折，而男性更常发生高能量创伤。所有踝部骨折和每个 AO/OTA44 骨折组的最常见损伤机制均为简单跌倒。踝部骨折呈季节性变化，11 月至 3 月之间踝部骨折数量最多。
本研究介绍了所有 AO/OTA 类型的踝部骨折的流行病学情况。我们已经证明，大多数踝部骨折是由简单跌倒引起的，并且发生在冬季。女性比男性更常见，受伤时年龄更大。这些发现表明与年龄相关的骨骼脆弱性以及老年人跌倒风险增加可能是踝部骨折的危险因素。本研究将有助于规划踝部骨折的一级预防。
