Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
McGill University, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
Braz J Biol. 2023 Jan 30;84:e269583. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.269583. eCollection 2023.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with no definite treatment, but it can be controlled by changing lifestyle and diet. Consumption of high-fiber and nutrient-rich foods including vegetables have been shown to reduce risks of obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Also, many herbal plants have been associated with reduced risks of T2DM because of their composition of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites have potent inhibitory effects against inflammation linked with insulin resistance and oxidative stress. More than 800 known medicinal plants are used to control diabetes and its relevant complications. However, variations in preharvest factors including plant genotype, growing medium properties, climatic factors, and management practices can influence plant growth and their accumulation of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. However, the effects of these preharvest factors on the antidiabetic properties of plant secondary metabolites are neither explicit nor easily accessible in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to document recent studies that reported on under-exploited medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. We reviewed several important preharvest factors that can potentially affect the synthesis of phytoconstituents which possess antidiabetic properties. This review will help identify gaps for future research in phytomedicine and functional foods.
糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，目前尚无明确的治疗方法，但通过改变生活方式和饮食可以控制病情。摄入富含膳食纤维和营养的食物，如蔬菜，已被证明可以降低肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险。此外，由于许多草药植物的次生代谢产物组成，它们也与降低 T2DM 的风险有关。一些次生代谢产物的抗氧化活性对与胰岛素抵抗和氧化应激有关的炎症具有很强的抑制作用。超过 800 种已知的药用植物被用于控制糖尿病及其相关并发症。然而，包括植物基因型、生长介质特性、气候因素和管理实践在内的多种预收获因素会影响植物的生长及其具有促进健康特性的植物次生代谢产物的积累。然而，这些预收获因素对植物次生代谢物抗糖尿病特性的影响在文献中既不明确也不容易获得。因此，本综述旨在记录最近报道的具有抗糖尿病特性的未充分利用的药用植物的研究。我们回顾了一些可能影响具有抗糖尿病特性的植物成分合成的重要预收获因素。本综述将有助于确定植物药和功能性食品未来研究的空白点。
