Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2023 Feb 16;59(15):2039-2055. doi: 10.1039/d2cc06495b.
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The and biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations.
纳米金刚石（NDs）是纳米医学中一类具有显著特性的碳基纳米粒子，由于其独特的功能化多功能性、可调谐的光电特性、化学稳定性、低细胞毒性、高生物分子亲和力和生物相容性，最近成为研究热点。这些吸引人的特性使 NDs 成为广泛的生物学相关应用的多功能工具。在这篇专题文章中，我们讨论了 NDs 中带负电荷的氮空位（NV）中心作为荧光探针的光电特性。我们进一步讨论了常用于表面化学修饰 NDs 的化学方法，这些方法与生物医学应用相关。修饰后的 NDs 的 和 生物相容性也得到了强调。随后，我们概述了 NDs 在生物成像和检测以及作为靶向化疗、光动力疗法、基因治疗、抗菌和抗病毒治疗以及骨组织工程的纳米载体等方面的最新的、先进的生物医学应用。最后，我们指出了 NDs 在生物医学应用中面临的主要挑战，并讨论了推进该领域用于实际应用和临床转化的未来方向的观点。
