Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102.
Mathematics Department, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56560.
Plant Dis. 2023 Aug;107(8):2424-2430. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-22-2011-RE. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes foliar and root diseases on wheat and barley. These diseases are common in all wheat- and barley-growing regions, with more severe outbreaks occurring under warm and humid conditions. can also infect a wide range of grass species in the family Poaceae and secrete , an important necrotrophic effector also identified other wheat leaf spotting pathogens. In this study, the prevalence and virulence role of were investigated in a collection of 278 isolates collected from spring wheat and barley in the Upper Midwest of the United States or other places, including 169 from wheat leaves, 75 from wheat roots, 30 from barley leaves, and 4 from wild quack grass leaves. was present in the isolates from wheat leaves, wheat roots, and wild grass leaves but was absent from isolates collected from barley leaves. Prevalence of in wheat leaf isolates (34.3%) was much higher than that in wheat root isolates (16%). Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of two haplotypes, with the majority being BsH2. All isolates produced the functional effector in liquid cultures. Pathogenicity assays revealed that isolates caused significantly more disease on spring wheat lines harboring than their mutants, suggesting that the interaction plays an important role in spot blotch development. This work confirms the importance of in . populations infecting wheat and, thus, the need to eliminate from spring wheat cultivars to reduce susceptibility to spot blotch.
是一种坏死型真菌病原体，可引起小麦和大麦的叶片和根部病害。这些病害在所有小麦和大麦种植区都很常见，在温暖潮湿的条件下会更严重爆发。还可以感染禾本科的广泛草种，并分泌，一种重要的坏死型效应子，也鉴定了其他小麦叶斑病病原体。在这项研究中，从美国中西部和其他地方的春小麦和大麦中收集了 278 个分离株，研究了 在美国的流行程度和毒力作用，包括来自小麦叶片的 169 个、来自小麦根的 75 个、来自大麦叶片的 30 个和来自野生雀稗叶片的 4 个。存在于小麦叶片、小麦根和野生草叶片的分离株中，但不存在于大麦叶片分离株中。在小麦叶片分离株中的出现率（34.3%）远高于在小麦根分离株中的出现率（16%）。测序分析显示存在两种单倍型，其中大多数是 BsH2。所有的分离株在液体培养中都产生了功能效应子。致病性测定表明，分离株对携带的春小麦系引起的病害明显多于其突变体，这表明与相互作用在斑点病发展中起着重要作用。这项工作证实了在中的重要性。感染小麦的种群，因此需要从春小麦品种中消除以降低对斑点病的敏感性。
