Whole-genome sequence analysis of infecting wheat in India and characterization of gene in different isolates as pathogenicity determinants.

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Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Boerma (Sacc.) is an emerging problem in South Asian countries. Whole genome of a highly virulent isolate of BS112 (BHU, Uttar Pradesh; Accession no. GCA_004329375.1) was sequenced using a hybrid assembly approach. Secreted proteins, virulence gene(s), pathogenicity-related gene(s) were identified and the role of gene present in this genome, in the development of disease was recognized. gene (535 bp) was analyzed and identified in the genome of (BS112) which revealed 100% homology with the gene of (Accession no. MH017419) Furthermore, gene was amplified, sequenced and validated in 39 isolates of which confirmed the presence of gene in all the isolates taken for this study. All sequences were submitted in NCBI database (MN601358-MN601396). As gene interacts with gene of host, 13 wheat genotypes were evaluated out of which 5 genotypes (38.4%) were found to be positive with more severe necrotic lesions compared to -negative wheat genotypes. In vitro expression analysis of gene in the pathogen using qPCR revealed maximum upregulation (14.67 fold) at 1st day after inoculation (DAI) in the medium. Furthermore, expression analysis of gene in -positive and negative genotypes, revealed maximum expression (7.89-fold) in positive genotype, Agra local at 5th DAI compared to negative genotype Chiriya 7 showing minimum expression (0.048-fold) at 5th DAI. - interaction studies suggested that spot blotch disease is more severe in positive genotypes, which will be helpful in better understanding and management of spot blotch disease of wheat.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03213-3.