Higashisaka Kazuma
Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.
Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2023;143(2):133-138. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00156-3.
Neurodevelopment is one of the most complex events in human growth and is very sensitive to disruption. Various genetic factors are the main causes of neuronal dysfunction; however, recent epidemiological studies have also revealed relationships between environmental factors and the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Humans are regularly exposed to a wide range of environmental factors, among which fine particles have attracted recent interest. In this regards, the development of products containing nanomaterials has expanded substantially in a wide variety of fields including medicine, food, and cosmetics. As the size of the particles in these nanomaterials decreases, their reactivity at the tissue interface and their tissue penetration increases. In addition, the reduction of particle size could alter kinetics and lead to unexpected biological effects compared with those seen with conventional materials. Thus, we need to identify potential sources of unpredictable adverse effects of nanomaterials on neurodevelopment to ensure their safe use. From this perspective, nano-safety science research has been conducted through the collection of toxicity information on nanoparticles based on their physicochemical properties and kinetics via the association analysis of physicochemical properties, kinetics, and toxicity. The results of this nano-safety science research were then used in nano-safety design research to develop safer forms of nanomaterials. In this paper, we introduce findings that demonstrate that nanomaterials translocate into the brain and describe the effects on cranial nerves.
神经发育是人类生长过程中最复杂的事件之一，并且对干扰非常敏感。多种遗传因素是神经元功能障碍的主要原因；然而，最近的流行病学研究也揭示了环境因素与神经发育障碍发病之间的关系。人类经常接触各种各样的环境因素，其中细颗粒物最近引起了人们的关注。在这方面，含纳米材料产品的开发在医学、食品和化妆品等广泛领域中大幅扩展。随着这些纳米材料中颗粒尺寸的减小，它们在组织界面的反应性以及组织穿透性会增加。此外，与传统材料相比，颗粒尺寸的减小可能会改变动力学并导致意想不到的生物学效应。因此，我们需要确定纳米材料对神经发育产生不可预测的不利影响的潜在来源，以确保其安全使用。从这个角度来看，通过基于纳米颗粒的物理化学性质和动力学，通过对物理化学性质、动力学和毒性的关联分析来收集毒性信息，开展了纳米安全科学研究。然后，这项纳米安全科学研究的结果被用于纳米安全设计研究，以开发更安全形式的纳米材料。在本文中，我们介绍了表明纳米材料可转移至大脑并描述其对颅神经影响的研究结果。
