College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2023 Jan 1;94(1):014501. doi: 10.1063/5.0134112.
Fast steering mirrors (FSMs) have been used for decades to improve the performance of electro-optical imaging systems, such as airborne imaging systems and space-based optical surveillance systems. With the advantage of increasing the accuracy of image motion compensation and the efficiency of scanning imaging, backscanning step-and-stare imaging has become the main approach to realizing wide-area surveillance for airborne imaging systems. According to the operating mode and motion profile of the FSM in the imaging system, a combined optimized profile (COP) is designed to avoid abrupt changes in the velocity and acceleration of the FSM. The angular position sensor based on a four-quadrant detector is used in FSMs to expand the measuring range and cut the cost at the expense of larger measurement noise. Combining a Kalman filter with a disturbance observer and zero-phase error tracking control, a control method is proposed to improve the control precision and bandwidth while suppressing measurement noise. Simulation and experimental results show that the profile designed by COP is smooth enough to meet the special requirements of FSM's backscanning image motion compensation and that the Kalman filter-based FSM control method can significantly improve the control accuracy.
快速转向镜（FSM）已经被使用了几十年，用于提高光电成像系统的性能，如机载成像系统和天基光学监视系统。由于能够提高图像运动补偿的精度和扫描成像的效率，反向扫描一步一停成像已成为实现机载成像系统大面积监视的主要方法。根据成像系统中 FSM 的工作模式和运动曲线，设计了一种组合优化轮廓（COP），以避免 FSM 的速度和加速度发生突然变化。基于四象限探测器的角位置传感器用于 FSM 中，以扩大测量范围并降低成本，但代价是更大的测量噪声。通过将卡尔曼滤波器与干扰观测器和零相位误差跟踪控制相结合，提出了一种控制方法，在抑制测量噪声的同时提高控制精度和带宽。仿真和实验结果表明，COP 设计的轮廓足够平滑，满足 FSM 反向扫描图像运动补偿的特殊要求，基于卡尔曼滤波器的 FSM 控制方法可以显著提高控制精度。
