School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311000, China.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2023 Jan 1;94(1):014703. doi: 10.1063/5.0125441.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are extremely promising solid-state spin quantum sensors for magnetic field in recent years. The rapid development of NV-ensemble magnetometry has put forward higher requirements for high-speed data acquisition, real-time signal processing and analyzing, etc. However, the existing commercial instruments are bulky and expensive, which brings extra complexity to the weak magnetic field detection experiment and hinders the practicality and miniaturization of NV-ensemble magnetometry. Here, we report on an integrated and scalable experimental system based on a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) chip assisted with high-speed peripherals for NV-ensemble magnetometry, which presents a compact and compatible design containing high-speed data acquisition, oscilloscopes, signal generator, spectrum analyzer, lock-in amplifier, proportional-integral-derivative feedback controller, etc. To verify its applicability and reliability in experiments, various applications, such as optical magnetic resonance detection, optical cavity locking, and lock-in NV magnetometry, are conducted. We further realize the pump-enhanced magnetometry based on NV center ensembles using the optical cavity. Through the flexible FPGA design approach, this self-developed device can also be conveniently extended into atomic magnetometer and other quantum systems.
近年来，金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心是极具前景的固态自旋量子磁场传感器。NV 体系磁力计的快速发展对高速数据采集、实时信号处理和分析等提出了更高的要求。然而，现有的商用仪器体积庞大且价格昂贵，这给弱磁场检测实验带来了额外的复杂性，阻碍了 NV 体系磁力计的实用性和小型化。在这里，我们报告了一个基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）芯片的集成和可扩展的实验系统，该系统辅以高速外围设备，用于 NV 体系磁力计，其设计紧凑且兼容，包含高速数据采集、示波器、信号发生器、频谱分析仪、锁相放大器、比例积分微分反馈控制器等。为了验证其在实验中的适用性和可靠性，我们进行了各种应用，如光学磁共振检测、光学腔锁定和锁相 NV 磁强计。我们还进一步利用光学腔实现了基于 NV 中心体系的泵增强磁强计。通过灵活的 FPGA 设计方法，这种自主开发的设备还可以方便地扩展到原子磁力计和其他量子系统。
