Tomkins Blaine
Saint John's University, 37 South College Avenue, St. Joseph, MN, 56374, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2023 May;85(4):1335-1354. doi: 10.3758/s13414-022-02642-9. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Individuals often need to make quick decisions based on incomplete or "noisy" information. This requires the coordination of attentional, perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms. This poses a challenge for isolating the unique effects of each subprocess from behavioral data, which reflect the summation of all subprocesses combined. Sequential sampling models offer a more detailed examination of behavioral data, enabling us to separate decisional and non-decisional processes at play in a task. Participants were required to identify briefly presented shapes while perceptual (duration, size, location) and response features (location-congruent/-incongruent/-neutral) of the task were manipulated. The diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) was used to dissociate decisional and executive processes in the task. In Experiment 1, stimuli were presented for either 20 or 80 ms to the left or right of a central fixation while response keys were positioned horizontally. In Experiment 2, stimulus size was manipulated rather than duration. In Experiment 3, response keys were positioned vertically. Results showed a duration x response mapping interaction. Participants displayed stimulus-response (S-R) congruency biases only on short-duration trials. This effect was observed for both horizontal and vertical response key mappings. Stimulus size affected participant response speed, but did not elicit S-R congruency biases. The present findings show that when perceptual quality of evidence is poor, individuals rely more heavily on spatial-motor mechanisms when making speeded choice decisions. Furthermore, positioning response keys vertically is insufficient to eliminate S-R congruency effects. Diffusion model parameters are presented and implications of the model are discussed.
个体常常需要基于不完整或“有噪声”的信息迅速做出决策。这需要注意力、感知、认知和行为机制的协同作用。这给从行为数据中分离出每个子过程的独特影响带来了挑战，因为行为数据反映的是所有子过程综合作用的结果。序列采样模型提供了对行为数据更详细的考察，使我们能够区分任务中起作用的决策过程和非决策过程。要求参与者识别短暂呈现的形状，同时对任务的感知特征（持续时间、大小、位置）和反应特征（位置一致/不一致/中性）进行操控。采用扩散模型（拉特克利夫，1978）来区分任务中的决策过程和执行过程。在实验1中，刺激在中央注视点的左侧或右侧呈现20毫秒或80毫秒，同时反应键水平放置。在实验2中，操控的是刺激大小而非持续时间。在实验3中，反应键垂直放置。结果显示了持续时间×反应映射的交互作用。参与者仅在短持续时间试验中表现出刺激-反应（S-R）一致性偏差。在水平和垂直反应键映射中均观察到了这种效应。刺激大小影响参与者的反应速度，但未引发S-R一致性偏差。本研究结果表明，当证据的感知质量较差时，个体在做出快速选择决策时更依赖空间运动机制。此外，垂直放置反应键不足以消除S-R一致性效应。给出了扩散模型参数并讨论了该模型的意义。
