Åsheim Eirik R, Debes Paul V, House Andrew, Liljeström Petra, Niemelä Petri T, Siren Jukka P, Erkinaro Jaakko, Primmer Craig R
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
Conserv Physiol. 2023 Jan 23;11(1):coac086. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coac086. eCollection 2023.
Age at maturity is a key life history trait involving a trade-off between survival risk and reproductive investment, and is an important factor for population structures. In ectotherms, a warming environment may have a dramatic influence on development and life history, but this influence may differ between populations. While an increasing number of studies have examined population-dependent reactions with temperature, few have investigated this in the context of maturation timing. Atlantic salmon, a species of high conservation relevance, is a good study species for this topic as it displays considerable variation in age at maturity, of which a large proportion has been associated with a genomic region including the strong candidate gene . Until now, the effect of this gene in the context of different environments and populations has not been studied. Using a large-scale common-garden experiment, we find strong effects of temperature, population-of-origin, and genotype on maturation in 2-year-old male Atlantic salmon (. With a temperature difference of 1.8°C, maturation probability was 4.8 times higher in the warm treatment than the cold treatment. This temperature effect was population-specific and was higher in the southern (60.48°N) compared to the northern (65.01°N) population. The early maturation *E allele was associated with a significantly higher maturation probability, but there was no interaction with temperature or population. Both body condition and body mass associated with maturation. The body mass association was only present in the warm treatment. Our findings demonstrate that (i) populations can vary in their response to temperature change in terms of age at maturity, (ii) high intrinsic growth could be associated with higher thermal sensitivity for life history variation and (iii) effects on age at maturity might be similar between populations and different thermal environments.
成熟年龄是一个关键的生活史特征，涉及生存风险和生殖投资之间的权衡，并且是种群结构的一个重要因素。在变温动物中，变暖的环境可能对发育和生活史产生巨大影响，但这种影响在不同种群之间可能有所不同。虽然越来越多的研究已经考察了种群对温度的依赖性反应，但很少有研究在成熟时间的背景下对此进行调查。大西洋鲑是一种具有高度保护意义的物种，是研究这个主题的良好物种，因为它在成熟年龄上表现出相当大差异，其中很大一部分差异与一个基因组区域有关，该区域包括强候选基因。到目前为止，这个基因在不同环境和种群背景下的作用尚未得到研究。通过大规模的共同花园实验，我们发现温度、起源种群和基因型对2岁雄性大西洋鲑的成熟有强烈影响。温度相差1.8°C时，温暖处理组的成熟概率比寒冷处理组高4.8倍。这种温度效应是种群特异性的，与北部种群（北纬65.01°）相比，南部种群（北纬60.48°）的温度效应更高。早熟的E等位基因与显著更高的成熟概率相关，但与温度或种群没有相互作用。身体状况和体重都与成熟有关。体重关联仅在温暖处理组中存在。我们的研究结果表明：（i）种群在成熟年龄对温度变化的反应可能不同；（ii）高内在生长可能与生活史变异的更高热敏感性有关；（iii）对成熟年龄的影响在不同种群和不同热环境之间可能相似。
