Vollset Knut Wiik, Urdal Kurt, Utne Kjell, Thorstad Eva B, Sægrov Harald, Raunsgard Astrid, Skagseth Øystein, Lennox Robert J, Østborg Gunnel M, Ugedal Ola, Jensen Arne J, Bolstad Geir H, Fiske Peder
Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
Rådgivende Biologer AS, 5059 Bergen, Norway.
Sci Adv. 2022 Mar 4;8(9):eabk2542. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2542.
Ecological regime shifts are abrupt changes in the structure and function of ecosystems that persist over time, but evidence of contemporary regime shifts are rare. Historical scale data from 52,384 individual wild Atlantic salmon caught in 180 rivers from 1989 to 2017 reveal that growth of Atlantic salmon across the Northeast Atlantic Ocean abruptly decreased following the year 2004. At the same time, the proportion of early maturing Atlantic salmon decreased. These changes occurred after a marked decrease in the extent of Arctic water in the Norwegian Sea, a subsequent warming of spring water temperature before Atlantic salmon entering the sea, and an approximately 50% reduction of zooplankton across large geographic areas of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. A sudden decrease in growth was also observed among Atlantic mackerel in the Norwegian Sea. Our results point toward an ecosystem-scale regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
生态系统状态转变是生态系统结构和功能随时间持续发生的突然变化，但当代生态系统状态转变的证据却很少见。1989年至2017年在180条河流中捕获的52384条野生大西洋鲑鱼的历史规模数据显示，2004年之后，整个东北大西洋的大西洋鲑鱼生长突然下降。与此同时，早熟大西洋鲑鱼的比例也下降了。这些变化发生在挪威海北极水域范围显著减少、随后大西洋鲑鱼入海前春季水温变暖以及东北大西洋大片地理区域浮游动物数量减少约50%之后。在挪威海的大西洋鲭鱼中也观察到生长突然下降。我们的研究结果表明东北大西洋发生了生态系统规模的状态转变。
