Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 May 1;55(5):911-919. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003112. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
To determine if the speed-duration relationship is altered with age and sex of elite Master's runners.
The world's top 10 performances for men and women in three events (800, 1500, and 5000 m) across six age groups (18-34 yr, 40-49 yr, 50-59 yr, 60-69 yr, 70-79 yr, and 80-89 yr) were analyzed from public data to establish theoretical models of the speed-duration relationship. Critical speed (CS) and the curvature constant ( D ') were estimated by fitting the average speeds and performance times with a two-parameter hyperbolic model.
Critical speed expressed relative to the 18- to 34-yr-olds, declined with age (92.2% [40-49] to 55.2% [80-89]; P < 0.001), and absolute CS was higher in men than women within each age group ( P < 0.001). The percent difference in CS between the men and women progressively increased across age groups (10.8% [18-34] to 15.5% [80-89]). D ' was lower in women than men in the 60-69 yr, 70-79 yr, and 80-89 yr age groups ( P < 0.001), but did not differ in the 18-34 yr, 40-49 yr, or 50-59 yr age groups.
Critical speed progressively decreased with age, likely due to age-related decrements in several physiological systems that cause reduced aerobic capacity. The mechanism for the larger sex difference in CS in the older age groups is unknown but may indicate physiological differences that occur with aging and/or historical sociological factors that have reduced participation opportunities of older female runners resulting in a more limited talent pool.
确定精英大师跑者的速度-时间关系是否随年龄和性别而改变。
从公开数据中分析了六个年龄组（18-34 岁、40-49 岁、50-59 岁、60-69 岁、70-79 岁和 80-89 岁）中男性和女性在三个项目（800 米、1500 米和 5000 米）中的前 10 名表现，以建立速度-时间关系的理论模型。通过将平均速度和表现时间拟合双参数双曲线模型，估计临界速度（CS）和曲率常数（D'）。
相对于 18-34 岁的人，临界速度随年龄下降（40-49 岁时为 92.2%，80-89 岁时为 55.2%；P<0.001），且每个年龄组内男性的绝对 CS 均高于女性（P<0.001）。CS 之间的性别差异在年龄组之间逐渐增加（18-34 岁时为 10.8%，80-89 岁时为 15.5%）。60-69 岁、70-79 岁和 80-89 岁年龄组中，D'在女性中低于男性（P<0.001），但在 18-34 岁、40-49 岁或 50-59 岁年龄组中则无差异。
临界速度随年龄逐渐下降，这可能是由于与年龄相关的几个生理系统的衰退导致有氧能力下降所致。在年龄较大的年龄组中 CS 性别差异较大的机制尚不清楚，但可能表明随着年龄的增长而发生的生理差异，以及历史社会学因素导致老年女性跑步者的参与机会减少，从而导致人才库更为有限。
