Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department of Exercise & Health, Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn, GERMANY.
Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 Mar 1;55(3):440-449. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003072. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
The purpose of this study is to compare cortical motor planning activity during response selection and motor execution processes between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and uninjured controls during a reaction time and response selection task.
Individuals with ACLR ( n = 20) and controls ( n = 20) performed a lateralized choice reaction time (e.g., Go/NoGo) task. Electrocortical activity and reaction time were recorded concurrently using electroencephalography and inertial measurement units. Separate stimulus locked and response-locked event-related potentials were computed for each limb. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) was computed as the interhemispheric differences between waveforms and the mean LRP area and onset latency were recorded. Active motor threshold was determined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Differences between groups (ACLR vs control) and limbs (involved vs uninvolved) and the associations between LRP characteristics and response performance (number of errors) were assessed.
Participants with ACLR have had smaller LRP area during periods of response selection ( P = 0.043, d = 0.4) and motor execution ( P = 0.015, d = 0.5) and committed more errors in both Go ( P < 0.001, d = 0.8) and NoGo ( P = 0.032, d = 0.5) response conditions. There were no differences in latency of response selection or motor execution. Participants with ACLR had higher active motor thresholds ( P < 0.001, d = 1.3) than controls, which was weakly associated with smaller LRP areas ( r = 0.32-0.42, P < 0.05).
The ACLR group demonstrated greater motor planning and response inhibition during a choice reaction time task. More errant performance also suggests poorer decision making in the presence of a "speed-accuracy" trade-off. Key features of the sample, including lower corticospinal excitability, lend support to an interpretation of widespread cortical inhibition contributing to impairments in response selection and motor execution.
本研究旨在比较前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）患者和未受伤对照组在反应时间和选择反应任务中，在反应选择和运动执行过程中皮质运动计划活动。
ACLR 患者（n=20）和对照组（n=20）进行了侧化选择反应时间（例如，Go/NoGo）任务。使用脑电图和惯性测量单元同时记录电皮质活动和反应时间。为每个肢体计算了单独的刺激锁定和反应锁定事件相关电位。作为波形之间的半球间差异计算了侧化准备电位（LRP），并记录了平均 LRP 面积和起始潜伏期。使用经颅磁刺激确定主动运动阈值。评估了组间（ACLR 与对照组）和肢体间（受累与未受累）的差异以及 LRP 特征与反应性能（错误数量）之间的关联。
ACLR 患者在反应选择期间（P=0.043，d=0.4）和运动执行期间（P=0.015，d=0.5）的 LRP 面积较小，并且在 Go（P<0.001，d=0.8）和 NoGo（P=0.032，d=0.5）的反应条件下都犯了更多的错误。反应选择或运动执行的潜伏期没有差异。ACLR 患者的主动运动阈值较高（P<0.001，d=1.3），与较小的 LRP 面积呈弱相关（r=0.32-0.42，P<0.05）。
ACLR 组在选择反应时间任务中表现出更大的运动计划和反应抑制。更多的错误表现也表明在存在“速度-准确性”权衡的情况下，决策能力更差。样本的关键特征，包括较低的皮质脊髓兴奋性，支持广泛的皮质抑制导致反应选择和运动执行受损的解释。
