Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
J Chromatogr A. 2023 Feb 22;1691:463825. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
液相微萃取（LPME）和电膜微萃取（EME）可以被认为是当今最流行的两种样品处理技术。这两种技术都可以配置为膜辅助技术来进行萃取。这些支撑物提供了在两相（供体和受体）之间的接触表面所需的几何形状和稳定性，并提高了样品处理技术的重现性。这些固体支撑物的孔隙一旦被有机溶剂填充，就会起到选择性屏障的作用，形成支撑液膜（SLM）。SLM 的性质是一个基本参数，其选择对于成功进行萃取至关重要。已经有许多 SLM 在各种应用领域中得到了成功的应用。这是由于所选有机溶剂的特异性，允许萃取性质非常不同的化合物。在过去的十年中，固体支撑物和 SLM 已经朝着“绿色”和环保材料和溶剂的方向发展。在这篇综述中，将讨论和总结 LPME 和 EME 中使用的固体支撑物及其应用。此外，还讨论了为提高萃取效率、回收率和浓缩因子而对固体支撑物和 SLM 的改进。根据所使用的技术、配置或设备，将考虑中空纤维和平膜，包括微流控系统。
