Utrecht Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, The Netherlands.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Feb;6(Suppl 3). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009367.
Too few pharmacists receive formal training on substandard and falsified (SF) medical products. Strengthening knowledge across pharmacists is considered a moral and ethical duty of academia, that is, to build the health systems' capacities to combat this global health threat these poor-quality products represent. This study therefore aimed to evaluate whether a dedicated educational course for undergraduate pharmacy students can improve their knowledge on these products.
A survey was conducted at three sub-Saharan universities. Knowledge was assessed through scores on a 20-point questionnaire with questions related to the course content. Scores were compared before and after the course, and a linear mixed-effects model analysis was used to analyse score differences. Students were furthermore asked for feedback and self-assessment. In addition, teachers were interviewed on the context of the course introduction. These data were analysed descriptively.
Among 335 out of 355 students who completed the survey (n=41/53 in Cameroon, n=244/252 in Senegal and n=50/50 in Tanzania), knowledge of SF medical products was enhanced, with increase in all countries, overall, by 3.5 (95% CI 3.1 to 3.9) score points. Students improved in all offered modules in each country. Students confirmed their improvement through self-assessment.The course was well received among students and teachers. Barriers included time constraints and access to practical means (equipment availability, room allocation, internet accessibility and affordability). These barriers can be overcome by key enablers such as the support from university leadership and early involvement of the university in the course design.
The course improved students' knowledge on SF medical products. These findings encourage further full implementation of this course in existing curricula beyond the pilot and can inform possible future scale-up. This has a potential for reinforcing the capacity of health systems to protect communities from SF medicines, by empowering all pharmacist across the health systems to intervene.
很少有药剂师接受过关于劣药和假药（SF）的正规培训。加强药剂师的知识被认为是学术界的道德和伦理责任，即建立卫生系统的能力，以应对这些代表劣质产品的全球健康威胁。因此，本研究旨在评估专门为药学本科生开设的教育课程是否可以提高他们对这些产品的认识。
在撒哈拉以南的三所大学进行了一项调查。通过与课程内容相关的 20 分问卷上的分数来评估知识。在课程前后比较分数，并使用线性混合效应模型分析来分析分数差异。此外，还向学生征求了反馈和自我评估。此外，还对课程介绍的背景对教师进行了访谈。这些数据进行了描述性分析。
在完成调查的 335 名学生（喀麦隆 41/53，塞内加尔 244/252，坦桑尼亚 50/50）中，SF 药品的知识得到了提高，所有国家的分数均整体提高了 3.5 分（95%CI 3.1 至 3.9）。学生在每个国家的所有提供的模块中都有所提高。学生通过自我评估确认了自己的进步。课程受到学生和教师的欢迎。障碍包括时间限制和获得实际手段（设备可用性、房间分配、互联网可及性和可负担性）。通过大学领导的支持和大学尽早参与课程设计等关键推动因素可以克服这些障碍。
该课程提高了学生对 SF 药品的认识。这些发现鼓励在试点之外将该课程进一步全面纳入现有课程，并为可能的未来扩展提供信息。这有可能通过增强所有药剂师在卫生系统中的干预能力，从而加强卫生系统保护社区免受 SF 药品侵害的能力。
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