Peters A R
Meat and Livestock Commission, Queensway House, Bletchley, UK.
Vaccine. 1987 Sep;5(3):164. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(87)90091-0.
Respiratory disease is one of the most serious disease complexes affecting beef cattle production. For example, it is claimed to cost the UK industry about 70 million pounds per year. It is usually associated with young cattle and can occur in a variety of situations. It is a good example of multifactorial disease in that its aetiology involves both infection by a variety of microorganisms and a number of environmental factors. Several distinct syndromes occur and a number of microorganisms are thought to be important including the bacteria Pasteurella haemolytica type A1, P. multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Mycoplasma bovis and M. dispar. Of the viruses, bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are known to be important, the former also causing the specific syndrome, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in addition to its involvement in the pneumonia complex. Other viruses of possible importance include para-influenza 3 (Pi3), adenoviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus, coronavirus and rhinovirus.
呼吸道疾病是影响肉牛生产的最严重的疾病复合体之一。例如，据称它每年给英国养牛业造成约7000万英镑的损失。它通常与幼牛有关，可发生在多种情况下。它是多因素疾病的一个典型例子，其病因既涉及多种微生物的感染，也涉及许多环境因素。会出现几种不同的综合征，一些微生物被认为很重要，包括A1型溶血性巴氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、睡眠嗜血杆菌、化脓棒状杆菌、牛支原体和差异支原体等细菌。在病毒方面，已知牛疱疹病毒1型（BHV1）和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）很重要，前者除了参与肺炎复合体外，还会引起特定的综合征——传染性牛鼻气管炎（IBR）。其他可能重要的病毒包括副流感3型（Pi3）、腺病毒、牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）病毒、冠状病毒和鼻病毒。
