Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Feb 2;16(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05572-5.
Space spraying of insecticides is still an important means of controlling Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and arboviral diseases. This study evaluated the space spray efficacy of Fludora Co-Max EW, (water-based insecticide space spray combining flupyradifurone and transfluthrin with film forming aqueous spray technology (FFAST)), against wild insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, compared with K-Othrine EC (deltamethrin-only product), in small-scale field trials.
Wild Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae were collected in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire from August to December 2020. Mosquito larvae were reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. Fludora Co-Max EW and K-Othrine EC were tested against emerged adult females (F generation) using ultra-low volume cold fogging (ULV) and thermal fogging (TF) delivery technology, both outdoors and indoors in Agboville, Côte d'Ivoire. Specifically, cages containing 20 mosquitoes each were placed at distances of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m from the spraying line for outdoor spraying, and at ceiling, mid-height and floor levels for indoor house spraying. Knockdown and mortality were recorded at each checkpoint and compared by treatments.
Overall, Fludora Co-Max EW induced significantly higher knockdown and mortality effects in the wild insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus compared with K-Othrine EC. In both species, mortality rates with Fludora Co-Max EW were > 80% (up to 100%) with the ULV spray outdoors at each distance checkpoint (i.e. 10-100 m), and 100% with the ULV and TF sprays indoors at all checkpoints (i.e. ceiling, mid-height and floor). K-Othrine EC induced high mortality indoors (97.9-100%), whereas mortality outdoors rapidly declined in Ae. aegypti from 96.7% (10 m) to 36.7% (100 m) with the ULV spray, and from 85.0% (10 m) to 38.3% (100 m) with the TF spray. Fludora Co-Max EW spray applied as ULV spray outdoors had higher knockdown and higher killing effects on Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus than when applied as TF spray. Fludora Co-Max EW performed better against Cx. quinquefasciatus than against Ae. aegypti.
Fludora Co-Max EW induced high mortality and knockdown effects against wild insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus Abidjan strains and performed better than K-Othrine EC. The presence of flupyradifurone and transfluthrin (with new and independent modes of action) and FFAST technology in the current Fludora Co-Max EW formulation appears to have broadened its killing capacity. Fludora Co-Max EW is thus an effective adulticide and may be a useful tool for Aedes and Culex mosquito and arbovirus control in endemic areas.
空间喷雾仍是控制埃及伊蚊和库蚊以及虫媒病毒病的重要手段。本研究评估了 Fludora Co-Max EW（氟氯菊酯和四氟苯菊酯与成膜水基喷雾技术（FFAST）相结合的水基昆虫空间喷雾）对来自科特迪瓦阿比让的抗药性野生埃及伊蚊和库蚊的空间喷雾效果，与 K-Othrine EC（仅含溴氰菊酯的产品）相比，在小规模现场试验中。
2020 年 8 月至 12 月，在科特迪瓦阿比让收集野生埃及伊蚊和库蚊幼虫。将蚊幼虫在实验室中饲养至成虫阶段。使用超低容量冷雾（ULV）和热雾（TF）输送技术，在科特迪瓦阿比让的室外和室内对 Fludora Co-Max EW 和 K-Othrine EC 进行测试，分别针对成年雌性（F 代）。具体来说，将每个笼子装有 20 只蚊子，放置在距喷雾线 10、25、50、75 和 100 米的距离处，用于室外喷雾，并在天花板、中高和地板处用于室内房屋喷雾。在每个检查点记录击倒和死亡率，并按处理进行比较。
总体而言，Fludora Co-Max EW 对野生抗药性埃及伊蚊和库蚊的击倒和致死效果明显高于 K-Othrine EC。在这两个物种中，Fludora Co-Max EW 的死亡率均>80%（高达 100%），在每个距离检查点（即 10-100 米）的室外使用 ULV 喷雾，在室内的 ULV 和 TF 喷雾中均为 100%。K-Othrine EC 在室内诱导高死亡率（97.9-100%），而在室外，埃及伊蚊的死亡率从 ULV 喷雾的 96.7%（10 米）迅速下降至 36.7%（100 米），从 85.0%（10 米）下降至 38.3%（100 米）。TF 喷雾。Fludora Co-Max EW 作为 ULV 喷雾在室外喷雾时对埃及伊蚊和库蚊的击倒和致死效果优于作为 TF 喷雾。Fludora Co-Max EW 对库蚊的效果优于对埃及伊蚊的效果。
Fludora Co-Max EW 对野生抗药性埃及伊蚊和库蚊阿比让株系诱导出高死亡率和击倒效果，优于 K-Othrine EC。目前 Fludora Co-Max EW 配方中含有氟氯菊酯和四氟苯菊酯（具有新的和独立的作用方式）和 FFAST 技术，似乎扩大了其杀灭能力。因此，Fludora Co-Max EW 是一种有效的成虫杀虫剂，可能是虫媒病毒病流行地区控制埃及伊蚊和库蚊的有用工具。
