Naumova Valentina A, Glozman Zhanna M
Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia.
Faculty of psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Psychol Russ. 2021 Sep 30;14(3):147-165. doi: 10.11621/pir.2021.0310. eCollection 2021.
The issue of solitude is fragmentary in gerontological investigations, and is generally interpreted as loneliness: a negative experience of lack of relationships with other people.Ageing people have many variants of loneliness, often connected with their own prejudices or satisfaction with their social contacts.In loneliness, opportunities and rights to the sovereignty of one's life space can be preserved.
To study loneliness as a fact of life, a multi-dimensional phenomenon, including the feeling of loneliness itself, lack of communication, and ability to be alone. We suppose that senior adults with different levels of psychological well-being are specific in this acceptance of loneliness and ability to find resources in this situation.
The participants comprised 129 residents of Kamchatka Region aged 60-82. In the first stage, using C. Ryff's "Psychological Well-Being Scale" with mid-values cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into groups with different levels of psychological well-being.In the second stage, the data of the "Differential Questionnaire on Experiencing Loneliness" and "Subjective Perception of One's Own Life" questionnaire were used for correlation analysis of interrelations between psychological well-being and the "positive loneliness" subscale, revealing the participants' ability to find resources in loneliness.
The research shows that experiencing loneliness in the gerontological cohort is non-homogeneous; it is interconnected with personal attitudes towards positive loneliness, with psychological well-being. It changes the activities of the elderly and the extent of experiencing loneliness.
There is cultural mitigation of loneliness in gerontological cohorts and also in their shift from a negative mindset towards an existential one.
在老年学研究中，孤独问题是零散的，通常被解释为寂寞：一种与他人缺乏关系的负面体验。老年人有多种孤独形式，往往与他们自己的偏见或对社交接触的满意度有关。在孤独中，个人生活空间自主权的机会和权利可以得到保留。
将孤独作为一种生活现实、一种多维现象来研究，包括孤独感本身、缺乏交流以及独处能力。我们认为，心理健康水平不同的老年人在接受孤独以及在这种情况下寻找资源的能力方面具有特殊性。
参与者包括129名堪察加半岛地区60 - 82岁的居民。在第一阶段，使用C. 赖夫的“心理健康量表”及中值聚类分析，将受访者分为心理健康水平不同的组。在第二阶段，使用“孤独体验差异问卷”和“对自己生活的主观认知”问卷的数据，对心理健康与“积极孤独”子量表之间的相互关系进行相关分析，以揭示参与者在孤独中寻找资源的能力。
研究表明，老年人群体中的孤独体验是不均衡的；它与对积极孤独的个人态度以及心理健康相互关联。它改变了老年人的活动以及孤独体验的程度。
在老年人群体中，孤独存在文化上的缓解，并且他们也在从消极心态向存在主义心态转变。
