[Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: a challenging differential diagnosis].

Autism spectrum disorder and psychotic disorders/schizophrenia are separate disorders in the DSM-5. Due to overlapping symptoms and increased frequency in comorbidity they can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Relevant literature regarding the correlation between these disorders is discussed and linked to a case-report. An increased prevalence of autism/autistic traits is observed within psychotic patients and vice versa. Common symptoms and risk-factors, but also differential factors, are described. Despite of several hypotheses concerning increased frequency in comorbidity, no clear explanation was found so far. Little is known concerning treatment in case of comorbidity. In this case-report there was significant amelioration after treatment with an atypical antipsychotic. Psycho-education and attention to structuring are also important elements of the treatment plan.