Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Department of Nursing, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Curr HIV Res. 2023;21(1):63-72. doi: 10.2174/1570162X21666230123141922.
Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is one of the critical goals of HIV prevention and control in the following decades, and perceived social support (PSS) has always exhibited a positive influence on patients' HRQOL. This study aims to describe the gap in social support in improving HRQOL between symptomatic and asymptomatic PLWH.
By analysing secondary data from an online survey, a multicenter, descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted. The correlation trend and differences between PSS and HRQOL among asymptomatic and symptomatic PLWH were determined.
Information from 493 PLWH with ART medication was finally analyzed: 34.89% asymptomatic PLWH and 65.11% symptomatic PLWH. There were significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of family income (χ = 9.782, P = 0.021), HIV-positive duration (χ = 19.541, P < 0.001), stage of disease (χ = 9.617, P = 0.008), and comorbidities (χ = 26.119, P < 0.001). The mean score of HRQOL of PLWH for the whole domain of the questionnaire was 86.56 (SD = 15.95). In six domains of QOL and PSS, the asymptomatic group had better conditions than the symptomatic group. There was a linear association between PSS and HRQOL, not only in the symptomatic group but also asymptomatic population, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. When the level of PSS was between 60 and 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was similar to that of the asymptomatic group. While the score of PSS exceeded 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was less sensitive to the changes in PSS. The social and environmental status of HRQOL in PLWH was most strongly correlated with their PSS.
The value of PSS on the HRQOL in PLWH is confirmed, especially for asymptomatic subjects. Healthcare providers need a complete understanding of the gap in social support between the asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. The comprehensive strategies, including symptom management, active treatment, and social support, should be more efficient for improving the overall health of symptomatic PLWH.
提高艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）是未来几十年艾滋病毒预防和控制的关键目标之一，而感知到的社会支持（PSS）一直对患者的 HRQOL 产生积极影响。本研究旨在描述有症状和无症状 PLWH 在提高社会支持方面 HRQOL 差距。
通过对在线调查的二次数据分析，进行了一项多中心、描述性和横断面研究。确定了无症状和有症状 PLWH 之间 PSS 与 HRQOL 之间的相关趋势和差异。
最终分析了 493 名接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）药物治疗的 PLWH 的信息：34.89%无症状 PLWH 和 65.11%有症状 PLWH。两组在家庭收入（χ=9.782，P=0.021）、HIV 阳性持续时间（χ=19.541，P<0.001）、疾病阶段（χ=9.617，P=0.008）和合并症（χ=26.119，P<0.001）方面存在显著差异。PLWH 问卷全领域 HRQOL 的平均得分为 86.56（SD=15.95）。在六个生活质量和 PSS 领域，无症状组的情况优于有症状组。调整潜在混杂因素后，PSS 与 HRQOL 之间存在线性关联，不仅在有症状组，而且在无症状人群中也是如此。当 PSS 水平在 60 到 80 之间时，有症状组的 HRQOL 与无症状组相似。而当 PSS 得分超过 80 时，有症状组的 HRQOL 对 PSS 变化的敏感性降低。PLWH 的 HRQOL 的社会和环境状况与他们的 PSS 最密切相关。
证实了 PSS 对 PLWH HRQOL 的价值，尤其是对无症状者。医疗保健提供者需要全面了解无症状和有症状人群之间社会支持的差距。综合策略，包括症状管理、积极治疗和社会支持，将更有效地提高有症状 PLWH 的整体健康水平。
