Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 3;18(2):e0280805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280805. eCollection 2023.
Many countries recommend Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in pregnancy. Preclinical studies of nicotine exposure to pregnant mammals could indicate how nicotine may adversely affect the developing fetus. As a first step towards summarising this literature, we undertook a systematic scoping review to determine the number and nature of offspring outcomes studied.
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for papers reporting empirical data on offspring outcomes following nicotine exposure to pregnant non-human mammals. We excluded studies that investigated exposure to only smoking, e-cigarettes, nicotine vaccines, or studies with no 'nicotine only' group. We developed a draft taxonomy and using this, described and quantified outcomes reported.
We identified 476 studies, which reported 729 offspring outcomes. The draft taxonomy classified outcomes as being measured in i) whole animals, ii) body systems and iii) 'other'. Body system outcomes were further categorised as being functional changes, or changes at macroscopic or cellular levels. The most frequently used outcomes were those detecting changes in the brain (n = 265), physical parameters measured in whole animals (n = 122) and any respiratory system changes (n = 97).
This scoping review quantifies the nature and frequency of outcomes used in preclinical studies investigating the potential impacts of nicotine administration in pregnancy on offspring. Systematic reviews of studies investigating outcomes involving animal brains, respiratory system, or 'whole animal' outcomes may have greatest potential for further advancing knowledge regarding impacts of gestational nicotine exposure on offspring.
Protocol for this review can be found on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ptmzc/).
许多国家建议在怀孕期间使用尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）戒烟。对怀孕哺乳动物进行尼古丁暴露的临床前研究可以表明尼古丁如何对发育中的胎儿产生不利影响。作为总结该文献的第一步，我们进行了系统的范围审查，以确定研究的后代结局数量和性质。
我们搜索了 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 数据库，以获取报告非人类哺乳动物怀孕时尼古丁暴露对后代结局影响的经验数据的论文。我们排除了仅研究吸烟、电子烟、尼古丁疫苗暴露或没有“仅尼古丁”组的研究。我们制定了一个草案分类法，并使用该分类法描述和量化了报告的结果。
我们确定了 476 项研究，这些研究报告了 729 项后代结局。草案分类法将结果分为 i）整体动物、ii）身体系统和 iii）“其他”。身体系统结局进一步分为功能性变化或宏观或细胞水平的变化。最常使用的结局是那些检测大脑变化的结局（n = 265）、整体动物中测量的生理参数（n = 122）和任何呼吸系统变化（n = 97）。
这项范围审查量化了研究尼古丁在怀孕期间对后代潜在影响的临床前研究中使用的结局的性质和频率。对涉及动物大脑、呼吸系统或“整体动物”结局的研究进行系统综述可能最有潜力进一步推进关于妊娠期尼古丁暴露对后代影响的知识。
该综述的方案可在开放科学框架（https://osf.io/ptmzc/）上找到。
