Akhbar Mohd Faizal Ali
Department of Naval Architecture and Maritime Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics (FTKKI), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2023 Apr;231:107361. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107361. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Conventional surgical drill bits suffer from several drawbacks, including extreme heat generation, breakage, jam, and undesired breakthrough. Understanding the impacts of drill margin on bone damage can provide insights that lay the foundation for improvement in the existing surgical drill bit. However, research on drill margins in bone drilling is lacking. This work assesses the influences of margin height and width on thermomechanical damage in bone drilling.
Thermomechanical damage-maximum bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, osteonecrosis depth, maximum thrust force, and torque-were calculated using the finite element method under various margin heights (0.05-0.25 mm) and widths (0.02-0.26 mm). The simulation results were validated with experimental tests and previous research data.
The effect of margin height in increasing the maximum bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, and depth were at least 19.1%, 41.9%, and 59.6%, respectively. The thrust force and torque are highly sensitive to margin height. A higher margin height (0.21-0.25 mm) reduced the thrust force by 54.0% but increased drilling torque by 142.2%. The bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, and depth were 16.5%, 56.5%, and 81.4% lower, respectively, with increasing margin width. The minimum thrust force (11.1 N) and torque (41.9 Nmm) were produced with the highest margin width (0.26 mm). The margin height of 0.05-0.13 mm and a margin width of 0.22-0.26 produced the highest sum of weightage.
A surgical drill bit with a margin height of 0.05-0.13 mm and a margin width of 0.22-0.26 mm can produce minimum thermomechanical damage in cortical bone drilling. The insights regarding the suitable ranges for margin height and width from this study could be adopted in future research devoted to optimizing the margin of the existing surgical drill bit.
传统手术钻头存在诸多缺点，包括产生极高热量、断裂、卡钻以及意外穿透。了解钻刃对骨损伤的影响可为改进现有手术钻头提供依据。然而，目前缺乏关于骨钻孔中钻刃的研究。本研究评估了钻刃高度和宽度对骨钻孔热机械损伤的影响。
采用有限元法计算在不同钻刃高度（0.05 - 0.25毫米）和宽度（0.02 - 0.26毫米）下的热机械损伤——最高骨温度、骨坏死直径、骨坏死深度、最大推力和扭矩。模拟结果通过实验测试和先前研究数据进行验证。
钻刃高度对最高骨温度、骨坏死直径和深度的增加作用分别至少为19.1%、41.9%和59.6%。推力和扭矩对钻刃高度高度敏感。较高的钻刃高度（0.21 - 0.25毫米）可使推力降低54.0%，但钻孔扭矩增加142.2%。随着钻刃宽度增加，骨温度、骨坏死直径和深度分别降低16.5%、56.5%和81.4%。最大钻刃宽度（0.26毫米）产生的最小推力为11.1牛，最小扭矩为41.9牛·毫米。钻刃高度为0.05 - 0.13毫米且钻刃宽度为0.22 - 0.26毫米时加权总和最高。
在皮质骨钻孔中，钻刃高度为0.05 - 0.13毫米且钻刃宽度为0.22 - 0.26毫米的手术钻头可产生最小的热机械损伤。本研究中关于钻刃高度和宽度合适范围的见解可应用于未来致力于优化现有手术钻头钻刃的研究。
