Franklin Barry A, Wedig Isaac J, Sallis Robert E, Lavie Carl J, Elmer Steven J
Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2023 Feb;98(2):316-331. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.011.
The beneficial health effects and prognostic significance of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), or both are often underappreciated by the medical community and the patients they serve. Individuals with low CRF have higher annual health care costs, higher rates of surgical complications, and are two to three times more likely to die prematurely than their fitter counterparts when matched for risk factor profile or coronary calcium score. Increased levels of habitual PA before hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes are also associated with better short-term cardiovascular outcomes. Accordingly, this review examines these relations and the potential underlying mechanisms of benefit (eg, exercise preconditioning), with specific reference to the incidence of cardiovascular, cancer, and coronavirus diseases, and the prescriptive implications and exercise thresholds for optimizing health outcomes. To assess the evidence supporting or refuting the benefits of PA and CRF, we performed a literature search (PubMed) and critically reviewed the evidence to date. In aggregate, these data are presented in the context of clarifying the impact that regular PA and/or increased CRF have on preventing and treating chronic and infectious diseases, with reference to evidence-based exercise thresholds that the medical community can embrace and promote.
定期进行中等至剧烈强度的体育活动（PA）、提高心肺适能（CRF）或两者兼有的有益健康效果及预后意义，往往未得到医学界及其服务的患者的充分重视。与健康状况较好的同龄人相比，心肺适能较低的个体每年的医疗费用更高，手术并发症发生率更高，且在匹配风险因素或冠状动脉钙化评分时过早死亡的可能性要高出两到三倍。急性冠状动脉综合征住院前习惯性PA水平的提高也与更好的短期心血管结局相关。因此，本综述探讨了这些关系以及潜在的获益机制（如运动预处理），特别提及心血管疾病、癌症和冠状病毒疾病的发病率，以及优化健康结局的处方意义和运动阈值。为了评估支持或反驳PA和CRF益处的证据，我们进行了文献检索（PubMed）并严格审查了迄今为止的证据。总体而言，这些数据是在阐明定期PA和/或提高CRF对预防和治疗慢性及传染病的影响的背景下呈现的，同时参考了医学界可以接受和推广的基于证据的运动阈值。
