Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2022 Dec;64 Suppl 3:215-226. doi: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.12.001.
The term interstitial lung disease (also called diffuse infiltrative lung disease) encompasses a heterogeneous group of processes characterized by the appearance of an inflammatory reaction in the alveolar wall that can be triggered by different antigens. This group of diseases represents a wide spectrum of processes of diverse etiologies, and sometimes the nomenclature can be confusing. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation and diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases because it confirms the presence of lung disease and establishes the correct diagnosis for associated complications. Nevertheless, the definitive diagnosis of these entities requires the imaging findings to be interpreted together with their clinical manifestations and histological confirmation. In this group of diseases, HRCT findings play a fundamental role, being especially important for avoiding unnecessary biopsies. For these reasons, clinicians need to be familiar with the basic radiologic patterns associated with this group of lung diseases: septal, reticular, nodular, ground-glass, cystic, and consolidations. This chapter describes the features of these patterns and ways that they can present, and it reviews some of the most common interstitial lung diseases, emphasizing the predominant radiologic patterns in each of them.
间质性肺疾病（也称为弥漫性浸润性肺疾病）包括一组异质性的疾病过程，其特征是肺泡壁出现炎症反应，这可能由不同的抗原引发。这组疾病代表了多种病因的广泛的疾病过程，有时命名可能会令人困惑。高分辨率计算机断层扫描（HRCT）是评估和诊断间质性肺疾病的首选影像学方法，因为它可以确认肺部疾病的存在，并确定相关并发症的正确诊断。然而，这些疾病的确切诊断需要将影像学表现与临床表现和组织学确认结合起来进行解释。在这组疾病中，HRCT 表现起着至关重要的作用，对于避免不必要的活检尤为重要。出于这些原因，临床医生需要熟悉与这组肺部疾病相关的基本放射学模式：间隔、网状、结节、磨玻璃、囊性和实变。本章描述了这些模式的特征及其表现方式，并回顾了一些最常见的间质性肺疾病，强调了它们各自的主要放射学模式。
