Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
CHS Fondation Vallee, Gentilly, France.
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 3;13(1):2003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29193-9.
COVID-19 outbreak caused severe disruptions in daily life, partly due to limitations implemented to prevent the spreading. In France, it included school closures during a national lockdown, then a reopening of schools, with access depending on viral status of students and teachers. Those changes had an impact on children's mental health. We conducted an online cross-sectional study using a parental self-administered survey in December 2021 to explore the emotional and behavioral changes (EBC) during this 5th wave (W5) and retrospectively since the first one (W1) in their children and their multidimensionality with principal factor analysis (PCA) and stability analysis. Out of 4552 parent responders, 62.4% (n = 2839) noticed negative EBC during W1 and 54.1% (n = 2462) during W5 of the pandemic. Only 10.0% of the responders noticed negative EBC at W1 but not during the W5. In younger children (3-6 years old) with significant EBC, PCA revealed three main dimensions at W1 and W5: restlessness, depression and anxiety. In older children (7-13 years old), PCA showed partially similar dimensions: depression-suicidality, anxiety and withdrawal. Almost all correlations between dimensions at W1 and W5 were significantly positive. Every EBC was stable across waves, except for one. Recall bias concerning the EBC during W1 and lack of data concerning parental mental health should be taken into account. Our stability analysis found a strong correlation between dimensions at W1 and W5. Our results highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on children's mental health and the predictive aspect of its early deterioration.
新冠疫情爆发严重扰乱了日常生活，部分原因是为了防止病毒传播而实施的限制措施。在法国，这包括全国封锁期间的学校关闭，然后重新开放学校，但学生和教师的病毒检测结果决定其是否能返校。这些变化对儿童的心理健康产生了影响。我们于 2021 年 12 月开展了一项在线横断面研究，使用家长自填问卷，旨在探讨疫情第 5 波（W5）期间以及从第 1 波（W1）以来儿童情绪和行为变化（EBC），并通过主成分分析（PCA）和稳定性分析对其多维性进行分析。在 4552 名家长应答者中，62.4%（n=2839）在 W1 期间注意到儿童出现负性 EBC，54.1%（n=2462）在 W5 期间注意到儿童出现负性 EBC。仅有 10.0%的应答者在 W1 期间注意到儿童出现负性 EBC，但在 W5 期间没有。在 EBC 显著的年龄较小的儿童（3-6 岁）中，PCA 在 W1 和 W5 时显示出三个主要维度：躁动、抑郁和焦虑。在年龄较大的儿童（7-13 岁）中，PCA 显示出部分相似的维度：抑郁-自杀意念、焦虑和退缩。W1 和 W5 时各维度之间的几乎所有相关性均为显著正相关。除了 1 项外，各维度在各波次间均稳定存在。应考虑到对 W1 期间 EBC 的回忆偏倚以及缺乏父母心理健康数据的问题。我们的稳定性分析发现 W1 和 W5 时各维度之间存在很强的相关性。我们的研究结果强调了新冠疫情对儿童心理健康的影响以及其早期恶化的预测性。
