Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas - SP, Brazil; Sciensano, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
Sciensano, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
Food Res Int. 2023 Feb;164:112289. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112289. Epub 2022 Dec 2.
Total selenium (Se) and Se species concentrations were determined in 50 infant formulas and milk samples commercialized in Brazil and Belgium. Infant formula categories were starter, follow-up, specialized and plant-based (soy and rice), while milk samples included whole, skimmed, semi-skimmed and plant-based products. Total Se content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), after microwave digestion. An enzymatic extraction method was applied to evaluate the Se species, mostly selenomethionine (SeMet), Se(IV) and Se(VI), through High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to ICP-MS (LC-ICP-MS). Starters and follow-up samples presented the highest total Se concentrations and values up to 30 µg/kg were observed in the reconstituted product. The lowest level (below the LOQ = 10 µg/kg) was verified in an anti-regurgitation specialized formula. The relative agreement between the measured total Se and the Se content declared on the label varied from 55 % to 317 %. Concentrations in infant formulas were not markedly different from concentrations in milk except for rice and oat milk samples that showed values below the LOQ. SeMet was the main species found in milks, while in infant formulas the species concentrations varied according to the product. The daily intake (DI) of Se via infant formula consumption was calculated and compared with the Adequate Intake (AI) value and the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) established by the EFSA NDA Panel and ANVISA, respectively. Estimated maximum intakes of total Se obtained for reconstituted infant formula were 40.6 mg/day, corresponding to 400 % and 202 % of the DRI and AI, respectively.
本研究测定了巴西和比利时市售的 50 种婴儿配方奶粉和牛奶样品中的总硒（Se）和硒形态浓度。婴儿配方奶粉类别包括起始配方、后续配方、特殊配方和植物基配方（大豆和大米），而牛奶样品则包括全脂、脱脂、半脱脂和植物基产品。总 Se 含量采用微波消解后电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定。采用酶提取方法，通过高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LC-ICP-MS）评估主要为硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet）、硒（IV）和硒（VI）的硒形态。起始配方和后续配方的总 Se 浓度最高，在再配制产品中观察到高达 30μg/kg 的值。在一种抗反流特殊配方中，检测到的最低水平（低于定量限 [LOQ]=10μg/kg）。实测总 Se 与标签上声明的 Se 含量之间的相对一致性在 55%至 317%之间。除了大米和燕麦奶样品外，婴儿配方奶粉中的浓度与牛奶中的浓度没有明显差异，这些样品的浓度低于定量限。在牛奶中发现的主要形态是 SeMet，而在婴儿配方奶粉中，形态浓度则根据产品而有所不同。通过婴儿配方奶粉消费计算的 Se 日摄入量（DI）与 EFSA NDA 小组和 ANVISA 分别建立的适宜摄入量（AI）值和膳食参考摄入量（DRI）进行了比较。对于再配制的婴儿配方奶粉，总 Se 的最大估计摄入量为 40.6mg/天，分别是 DRI 和 AI 的 400%和 202%。
