Susik Justyna, Ptasznik Stanisław
Waclaw Dąbrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 02-532 Warszawa, Poland; Komagra Sp. z o.o., 43-100 Warsaw, Poland.
Waclaw Dąbrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 02-532 Warszawa, Poland.
Food Res Int. 2023 Feb;164:112302. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112302. Epub 2022 Dec 8.
Post-fermentation crude corn oil obtained as a by-product in the production of bioethanol from maize grains is characterized by a very high content of free fatty acids. Refining of post-fermentation corn oil will give a product that will be different from the refined oil obtained by extracting oil from corn germs. From the point of view of refining vegetable oils, the neutralisation of this oil is the most important process. Anionic ion-exchange resin was used in the research in a way to avoid the use of harmful organic solvents and a comparatively standard method of neutralising free fatty acids based on the use of a sodium hydroxide solution. Ion-exchange resin can be used in the processes of neutralising vegetable oil with an average content of free fatty acids, then the oil is neutralised in miscela. In the research, no organic solvent was used, but to reduce the flow resistance, a system based on an adjustable reduced pressure in the range of 300-50 mbar was used, to maintain a constant contact time of the oil with the resin in each cycle. The aim of the research was to obtain neutral oil with a high content of biologically active substances such as phytosterols and carotenoids. Both methods showed a reduction of free fatty acids up to 93-96 % and a similar refining loss of 18-19 %. The use of an ion-exchange resin allowed to obtain an oil in which the phytosterol content increased by 5 % for β-sitosterol, by 6.3 % for ϭ5-avenasterol, and the carotenoid content was reduced by 35 %. An increase in the number of fatty acids, such as 18:1 cis-oleic acid and 18:2 cis-linoleic, was observed.
在以玉米粒生产生物乙醇过程中作为副产品获得的发酵后粗玉米油，其特点是游离脂肪酸含量非常高。发酵后玉米油的精炼会得到一种与从玉米胚芽中提取油得到的精炼油不同的产品。从植物油精炼的角度来看，该油的中和是最重要的过程。在研究中使用阴离子离子交换树脂，以避免使用有害有机溶剂，并采用一种相对标准的基于使用氢氧化钠溶液中和游离脂肪酸的方法。离子交换树脂可用于中和游离脂肪酸平均含量的植物油的过程，然后在混合油中对油进行中和。在研究中未使用有机溶剂，但为了降低流动阻力，使用了一个基于300 - 50毫巴可调减压范围的系统，以在每个循环中保持油与树脂的恒定接触时间。该研究的目的是获得富含植物甾醇和类胡萝卜素等生物活性物质的中性油。两种方法都使游离脂肪酸含量降低了93 - 96%，精炼损失相似，为18 - 19%。使用离子交换树脂得到的油中，β - 谷甾醇的植物甾醇含量增加了5%，Δ5 - 燕麦甾醇增加了6.3%，类胡萝卜素含量降低了35%。观察到脂肪酸数量增加，如18:1顺式油酸和18:2顺式亚油酸。
