Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2023 Feb;164:112441. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112441. Epub 2023 Jan 2.
The species of the genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae family) have been used as food, cosmetic and traditional herbal. As a result, the Passiflora species are widely cultivated and has an economic, medicinal and ornamental importance. The popular designation as "passion fruit" and chemical profile of several Passiflora species remains unknown. The lack of chemical information contributes to the erroneous classification and adulteration. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the bioactivity and phytochemical profiles of several Passiflora species extracts. In this research, H NMR-based metabolic profiling coupled with chemometric tools was used to characterize and distinguish extracts obtained from different wild Passiflora species (P. alata, P. cincinnata, and P. setacea) and genetic varieties (P. alata var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, P. cincinnata var. BRS Sertão Forte, and P. setacea var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado). Fourteen metabolites were identified by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, highlighting the presence of fatty acids, carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, and mainly C-glycosidic flavones. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed discrimination of Passiflora extracts, which the quadranguloside, oleanolic acid-3-sophoroside, α-glucose, β-glucose, and vitexin-2-O"-rhamnoside were relevant in the differentiation of P. alata and P. alata var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, while the flavones isovitexin and isovitexin-2-O"-xyloside were dominant in the grouping of P. setacea and P. setacea var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, and finally P. cincinnata and P. cincinnata var. BRS Sertão Forte grouped by the influence of the fatty acids, sucrose, flavones (isoorientin and vitexin-2-O"-xyloside), and trigonelline. The varieties of P. setacea, and P. cincinnata are chemically equivalent to the original Passiflora species. However, the PCA analysis showed that the genetic variety of P. alata occupied a different position in the scores plot provoked mainly by the presence of oleanolic acid-3-sophoroside. The H NMR metabolic profile can be efficient for quality control evaluation, and can contribute to the investigation of new alternatives for official Passiflora herbal medicines.
西番莲属（西番莲科）的物种被用作食品、化妆品和传统草药。因此，西番莲属物种被广泛种植，具有经济、药用和观赏价值。几种西番莲属物种的俗称“百香果”和化学特征仍然未知。缺乏化学信息导致了错误的分类和掺假。近年来，人们特别关注几种西番莲属物种提取物的生物活性和植物化学特征。在这项研究中，基于 1H NMR 的代谢组学分析结合化学计量学工具用于表征和区分不同野生西番莲属物种（紫果西番莲、狭叶西番莲和黄果西番莲）和遗传品种（紫果西番莲 var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado、狭叶西番莲 var. BRS Sertão Forte 和黄果西番莲 var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado）提取物。通过 1D 和 2D NMR 实验鉴定了 14 种代谢物，突出了脂肪酸、碳水化合物、皂苷、生物碱的存在，以及主要的 C-糖苷类黄酮。主成分分析（PCA）允许区分西番莲属提取物，其中四糖苷、齐墩果酸-3-槐糖苷、α-葡萄糖、β-葡萄糖和牡荆素-2-O”-鼠李糖苷在区分紫果西番莲和紫果西番莲 var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado 方面具有重要意义，而黄酮类异牡荆素和异牡荆素-2-O”-木糖苷在黄果西番莲和黄果西番莲 var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado 的分组中占主导地位，最后，狭叶西番莲和狭叶西番莲 var. BRS Sertão Forte 由脂肪酸、蔗糖、黄酮类（异荭草素和牡荆素-2-O”-木糖苷）和三甲基六氢吡啶的影响分组。黄果西番莲和狭叶西番莲的品种在化学成分上与原始西番莲属物种等效。然而，PCA 分析表明，紫果西番莲的遗传品种在得分图中占据了不同的位置，这主要是由齐墩果酸-3-槐糖苷的存在引起的。1H NMR 代谢组学谱可用于质量控制评估，并有助于研究新的官方西番莲草药替代品。
