On the Chopping Block: Overview of DICER1 Mutations in Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Mutational inactivation of the DICER1 gene causes aberrant micro-RNA maturation, which in turn may have consequences for the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, thereby contributing to tumor formation in various organs. Germline DICER1 mutations cause DICER1 syndrome, a pleiotropic condition with an increased risk of various neoplastic conditions in the pleura, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, pineal gland, and mesenchymal tissues. Somatic DICER1 mutations are also frequently observed in a wide variety of solid tumors, thereby highlighting the importance of this gene in tumor development. In this review, the importance of DICER1 inactivation in endocrine tumors is discussed.