Doberczak T M, Thornton J C, Bernstein J, Kandall S R
Department of Pediatrics, Beth Israel Medical Center, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003.
Am J Dis Child. 1987 Nov;141(11):1163-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110033016.
The impact of maternal opiate dependency on birth weight and head circumference of offspring was studied in 150 mother-infant pairs and 150 controls. Mean birth weight and head circumference of drug-dependent offspring were reduced symmetrically compared with drug-free controls of similar socioeconomic status. Although mean gestational ages and rates of prematurity were similar, intrauterine growth retardation occurred in 20% of passively addicted infants vs 4% of controls. A longer period of methadone maintenance was associated with longer gestation and increased birth weight, while higher methadone dosages were associated with higher birth weights and larger head circumferences. Smoking was associated with reduced birth weight by an average of 160 g per pack of cigarettes smoked per day; longer duration of smoking was associated with reductions in both birth weight and head circumference. These data suggest therapeutic strategies to improve these fetal growth characteristics and perhaps improve neurobehavioral outcome of drug-dependent newborns.
在150对母婴和150名对照中研究了母亲阿片类药物依赖对后代出生体重和头围的影响。与社会经济地位相似的非药物依赖对照组相比，药物依赖后代的平均出生体重和头围对称降低。尽管平均孕周和早产率相似，但20%的被动成瘾婴儿出现宫内生长迟缓，而对照组为4%。美沙酮维持治疗时间较长与孕周延长和出生体重增加有关，而较高的美沙酮剂量与较高的出生体重和较大的头围有关。吸烟与出生体重降低有关，每天每多吸一包烟，出生体重平均降低160克；吸烟时间越长，出生体重和头围均降低。这些数据提示了改善这些胎儿生长特征的治疗策略，或许还能改善药物依赖新生儿的神经行为结局。
