Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Children's Health, PANS Clinic and Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Children's Health, PANS Clinic and Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2023 Mar;46(1):69-88. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.11.004.
Sydenham chorea (SC), pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are postinfectious neuroinflammatory diseases that involve the basal ganglia and have obsessive-compulsive disorder as a major manifestation. As is true for many childhood rheumatological diseases and neuroinflammatory diseases, SC, PANDAS and PANS lack clinically available, rigorous diagnostic biomarkers and randomized clinical trials. Research on the treatment of these disorders depend on three complementary modes of intervention including: treating the symptoms, treating the source of inflammation, and treating disturbances of the immune system. Future studies should aim to integrate neuroimaging, inflammation, immunogenetic, and clinical data (noting the stage in the clinical course) to increase our understanding and treatment of SC, PANDAS, PANS, and all other postinfectious/immune-mediated behavioral disorders.
Sydenham 舞蹈病（SC）、与链球菌感染相关的儿科自身免疫性神经精神障碍（PANDAS）和儿科急性发作的神经精神综合征（PANS）是感染后神经炎症性疾病，涉及基底节，以强迫症为主要表现。与许多儿童风湿性疾病和神经炎症性疾病一样，SC、PANDAS 和 PANS 缺乏临床可用的严格诊断生物标志物和随机临床试验。这些疾病的治疗研究依赖于三种互补的干预模式，包括：治疗症状、治疗炎症源和治疗免疫系统紊乱。未来的研究应旨在整合神经影像学、炎症、免疫遗传学和临床数据（注意临床病程的阶段），以提高我们对 SC、PANDAS、PANS 以及所有其他感染后/免疫介导的行为障碍的理解和治疗。
