Rascati K L, Kimberlin C L, Foley P T, Williams R B
College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1987 Sep;44(9):2060-7.
The effectiveness of multidimensional work sampling versus direct observation in evaluating the effects of computerization in an outpatient pharmacy was studied. A direct-entry, self-reporting method of multidimensional work sampling was used to measure and compare the relative times spent on various tasks before and after computerization in the outpatient pharmacy of a 475-bed teaching hospital. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in the types of functions performed, differences in functions among the five employees (two pharmacists, one pharmacy intern, and two technicians), and differences in functions on a week-to-week basis. Data obtained by multidimensional work sampling were compared with data obtained by direct observation to determine the level of agreement between the two methods. Also, a time clock method was used to measure and compare the time required for prescription processing before and after computerization. After computerization, the percentage of time spent on some clerical tasks decreased by 26.7%, but this decrease was offset by a significant increase of 27.7% in the percentage of time spent entering information into the computer. Time spent on clinical tasks did not change significantly. A significant difference among employees was found in the percentage of time spent on clinical functions. The differences in time spent on clinical or clerical functions from week to week were not significant. The time to process a set of prescriptions increased after computerization, primarily because of the time needed to enter information into the computer. However, computerization enabled the generation of patient profiles. Multidimensional work sampling is an accurate method of work measurement that may be more useful than direct observation in capturing clinical functions.
本研究对比了多维工作抽样法与直接观察法在评估门诊药房计算机化效果方面的有效性。在一家拥有475张床位的教学医院的门诊药房中，采用直接录入、自我报告的多维工作抽样法，来测量和比较计算机化前后各项任务所花费的相对时间。方差分析用于评估所执行功能类型的差异、五名员工（两名药剂师、一名药房实习生和两名技术员）之间功能的差异以及每周功能的差异。将通过多维工作抽样获得的数据与通过直接观察获得的数据进行比较，以确定两种方法之间的一致程度。此外，还使用了考勤钟方法来测量和比较计算机化前后处方处理所需的时间。计算机化后，一些文书工作任务所花费时间的百分比下降了26.7%，但这一下降被输入计算机信息所花费时间百分比显著增加的27.7%所抵消。用于临床任务的时间没有显著变化。在员工花费在临床功能上的时间百分比方面发现了显著差异。每周在临床或文书功能上花费时间的差异不显著。计算机化后处理一组处方的时间增加了，主要是因为需要将信息输入计算机。然而，计算机化能够生成患者档案。多维工作抽样是一种准确的工作测量方法，在记录临床功能方面可能比直接观察更有用。
