Murray M D, Loos B, Tu W, Eckert G J, Zhou X H, Tierney W M
Purdue University, USA.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1998 Nov-Dec;5(6):546-53. doi: 10.1136/jamia.1998.0050546.
To measure the effect of computer-based outpatient prescription writing by internal medicine physicians on pharmacist work patterns.
Work sampling at a hospital-based outpatient pharmacy. Data were collected from pharmacists wearing silent, random-signal generators before and after the implementation of computer-based prescribing.
The type of work performed by pharmacists (activity), the reason for their work (function), and the people they contacted (contact) were measured.
Total staff hours and prescriptions handled were similar before and after computer-based prescribing. Pharmacists recorded 4,687 observations before and 4,735 observations after implementation of computer-based outpatient prescription writing. After implementation, pharmacists spent 12.9 percent more time correcting prescription problems, had 3.9 percent less idle time, and spent 2.2 percent less time in discussions with others. Pharmacists also spent 34.0 percent less time filling prescriptions, 45.8 percent more time in problem-solving activities involving prescriptions, and 3.4 percent less time providing advice. Over 80 percent of pharmacist time was spent working alone both before and after computer-based outpatient prescription writing.
Computer-based prescribing results in major changes in the type of work done by hospital-based outpatient pharmacists and in the reason for their work and small changes in the people contacted during their work.
评估内科医生使用计算机开具门诊处方对药剂师工作模式的影响。
在一家医院门诊药房进行工作抽样调查。在实施计算机开处方前后，收集佩戴无声随机信号发生器的药剂师的数据。
测量药剂师执行的工作类型（活动）、工作原因（功能）以及他们接触的人员（联系对象）。
实施计算机开处方前后，员工总工时和处理的处方数量相似。在实施基于计算机的门诊处方书写之前，药剂师记录了4687次观察；实施之后，记录了4735次观察。实施后，药剂师花在纠正处方问题上的时间增加了12.9%，空闲时间减少了3.9%，与他人讨论的时间减少了2.2%。药剂师配药时间减少了34.0%，花在涉及处方的问题解决活动上的时间增加了45.8%，提供建议的时间减少了3.4%。在基于计算机的门诊处方书写前后，超过80%的药剂师工作时间都是独自工作。
基于计算机的处方开具导致医院门诊药剂师的工作类型、工作原因发生重大变化，工作时接触的人员发生微小变化。
