Wen Haimei, Chen Wei, Chen Yu, Wei Gang, Ni Ting
Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Genet. 2023 Jan 19;14:1064624. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1064624. eCollection 2023.
In eukaryotes, alternative promoter (AP), alternative splicing (AS), and alternative polyadenylation (APA) are three crucial regulatory mechanisms that modulate message RNA (mRNA) diversity. Although AP, AS and APA are involved in diverse biological processess, whether they have dynamic changes in Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced senescence in rat primary aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), an important cellular model for studying cardiovascular disease, remains unclear. Here we integrated both PacBio single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and Illumina short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the changes of AP, AS and APA in Ang II-induced senescent RAECs. Iso-Seq generated 36,278 isoforms from 10,145 gene loci and 65.81% of these isoforms are novel, which were further cross-validated by public data obtained by other techonologies such as CAGE, PolyA-Seq and 3'READS. APA contributed most to novel isoforms, followed by AS and AP. Further investigation showed that AP, AS and APA could all contribute to the regulation of isoform, but AS has more dynamic changes compared to AP and APA upon Ang II stimulation. Genes undergoing AP, AS and APA in Ang II-treated cells are enriched in various pathways related to aging or senescence, suggesting that these molecular changes are involved in functional alterations during Ang II-induced senescence. Together, the present study largely improved the annotation of rat genome and revealed gene expression changes at isoform level, extending the understanding of the complexity of gene regulation in Ang II-treated RAECs, and also provided novel clues for discovering the regulatory mechanism undelying Ang II caused vascular senescence and diseases.
在真核生物中,可变启动子(AP)、可变剪接(AS)和可变聚腺苷酸化(APA)是调节信使RNA(mRNA)多样性的三种关键调控机制。尽管AP、AS和APA参与了多种生物学过程,但在大鼠原代主动脉内皮细胞(RAECs,一种研究心血管疾病的重要细胞模型)中,它们在血管紧张素II(Ang II)诱导的衰老过程中是否发生动态变化仍不清楚。在此,我们整合了PacBio单分子长读长异构体测序(Iso-Seq)和Illumina短读长RNA测序(RNA-seq),以分析Ang II诱导的衰老RAECs中AP、AS和APA的变化。Iso-Seq从10145个基因位点产生了36278个异构体,其中65.81%的异构体是新的,这些异构体通过其他技术(如CAGE、PolyA-Seq和3'READS)获得的公共数据进行了进一步交叉验证。APA对新异构体的贡献最大,其次是AS和AP。进一步研究表明,AP、AS和APA都可以对异构体的调控做出贡献,但在Ang II刺激下,与AP和APA相比,AS有更多的动态变化。在Ang II处理的细胞中经历AP、AS和APA的基因富集于与衰老或老化相关的各种途径中,这表明这些分子变化参与了Ang II诱导的衰老过程中的功能改变。总之,本研究在很大程度上改进了大鼠基因组的注释,并揭示了异构体水平的基因表达变化,扩展了对Ang II处理的RAECs中基因调控复杂性的理解,也为发现Ang II引起血管衰老和疾病的调控机制提供了新线索。